Activists communication dynamics for mobilization of minority politics in europe

Abstract

This paper aims to proves that the diversity of minority attributes in a person becomes the main capital in winning direct political contestation through election; or indirectly through unilateral appointment. It is characterized by five Muslim politicians who are able to sit in political office with the capital of political biography, social biography, and or intellectual biography. This research uses three methods in the form of political biography, social biography, and intellectual biography. Political biography consists of opinions or thoughts expressed by David Hanlon (2015); and opinions or thoughts of Anastasia Astapova (2016). The social biography used in this study refers to the thought of Smiljka Tomanović (2012). The intellectual biography used in this study is based on the thoughts of Damián Omar Martínez (2013) and the thinking of Thomas Hylland Eriksen (2015). The study was limited to five Muslim politicians comprising Jilani Chowdhury (Mayor of London, 2012), Ahmed Aboutaleb (Mayor of Rotterdam, 2008), Muhammad Salique (Mayor of Tower Hamlets, London Raya, 2008-2009), Erion Veliaj (Mayor of Tirana, 2015 ), Sadiq Aman Khan (Mayor of London, 2016), and Hadia Tajik (Norwegian Minister of Culture, 2012). This study is limited to the study of European Muslim Politicians in the perspective of a major theme. This study is also limited during the study that took place in Europe in 2012 until 2016

Review of mass media effect in inter-cultural communication

“…Humans communicate with each other are always influenced or are in a complex cultural context. Someone determines who will interact with, what things may and may not be conveyed, when delivered, how the possibility of feedback obtained from communication partners, everything is determined and influenced by culture [10]. Likewise, culture determines the way humans choose, package, and decide what symbols they will use to wrap the meaning to be conveyed.…”

Humanitarian news frame in Harian Republika and Kompas on Wamena ferugees (framing analysis on Republika news and Kompas edition 24 – 30 September 2019 on the tragedy of the riots in Wamena)

“…The process of constructing reality is divided into three things, namely Externalization, Objectivity, and Internalization. Externalization is an attempt to pour or self-expression into the world, both in mental activity and physical activity (Luhuringbudi, Syamsuddin, & Hakim, 2019). Then objectivity is the result of what has been achieved both mentally and physically from the results of human externalization activities.…”

The effect of watching political programs on islamic-based party political images among Muhammadiyah students

“…However, not all of these images have a positive image among the people, as seen in Islamic-based political parties, because in the 2014 presidential election, Islamic-based political parties only received less than 10% of the votes [2]. The use of the term Islamic party has two connotations, namely looking at organizational ideology and sociocultural basis [3].…”