Actividad sanguínea de superóxido dismutasa y glutatión peroxidasa en novillas a pastoreo

Jaramillo, Santiago; Villa, Néstor Alonso; Pineda, Andrés Felipe Valderrama; Gallego, Ángela B; Tabares, Paola; Ceballos, Alejandro

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2005001100009

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Se is not distributed homogeneously in the landscape, being often more concentrated in lower elevations and drier sites (Carter et al, 1970;Ren et al, 1987). Domestic ruminants have been shown to be Se deficient at high, but not at low elevation in the Columbian Andes, with Se enzyme activity differing by 41% (Jaramillo et al, 2005). Huemul in the studied population (and likely most others occurring along the eastern slopes of the Andes), used to migrate to western lowlands and valley bottoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Age-Independent Osteopathology in Skeletons of a South American Cervid, the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus Bisulcus)

Flueck¹,

Smith-Flueck²

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), an endemic Patagonian deer, has been endangered for decades. Although conservation in Argentina has been directed at the 350-600 remaining huemul, the population has not recovered. In initial studies on the potential effects of diseases on huemul population dynamics, skeletal remains collected between 1993 and 2007 in the Andes (41-45 degrees S, 71.5-72 degrees W) were examined macroscopically for osteopathologic changes. Bones from six huemul were free of lesions, findings were inconclusive in 13 huemul with less than three bones, and osteopathologic processes were detected in 13 adults. Considering the limited remains/case, the prevalence of osteopathy (52%) among adults probably is conservative; 63% showed mandibular, 100% maxillary, and 78% appendicular lesions. Although predation represented the actual cause of death, the observed skeletal lesions would affect predator avoidance, possibly explaining the low average adult age (3.1 yr) and lack of population recovery. Compared with other studies in ungulates, huemul were affected at a younger age, and they had more severe pathologic changes. Due to the chronic nature of disease, low huemul population density, physiognomy, and spatiotemporal pattern of lesions, we discard senescence; gender; fulminating infections; congenital anomalies; metabolic, endocrine, genetic, or neurologic disorders; parasitism or marasmus; and fluorosis as primary etiologic factors. We hypothesize that generalized secondary chronic alveolar osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis in huemul is related to the nutritional ecology of these animals. Selenium deficiency, which impairs bone metabolism and causes periodontitis in ruminants, occurs in the region and it is more prevalent at high altitudes. Traditional winter grounds at low elevations, sometimes far from high mountains, have been converted to livestock production, which has eliminated migratory behavior and keeps huemul in remote high-elevation refuges. Although this descriptive study contributes to huemul conservation, additional approaches are needed to investigate the etiology of this osteopathy and to close other gaps in knowledge on biology and ecology of huemul.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Age-Independent Osteopathology in Skeletons of a South American Cervid, the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus Bisulcus)

Flueck¹,

Smith-Flueck²

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…For instance, bighorn sheep made bimonthly short trips during the summer, to visit mineral licks at up to 2,000 m lower in elevation on traditional winter ranges, which replenished an otherwise Se-deficient summer diet [ 56 ]. Similarly, domestic ruminants have been shown to be Se deficient at high, but not at low elevation in the Columbian Andes, with Se enzyme activity differing by 41% [ 57 ]. Thus, if southern Chile has documented deficiencies of iodine and Se in livestock and humans living in the supposedly more fertile portion of the landscape, it follows that huemul in their restricted areas might be more compromised, as indicated by low survival of offspring [ 22 ], low longevity, and high prevalence of osteopathology [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopathology and selenium deficiency co-occurring in a population of endangered Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus)

Flueck

2015

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundAbout 1,000 endangered Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) remain in Chile and 350–500 in Argentina. Most groups (>100) are not recovering, and prevalence of osteopathology in Argentina was at least 57%. Here I describe relevant cases of osteopathology from a Chilean population which, however, recently also provided data on trace mineral status, supporting the initial hypothesis that nutrition may be a primary etiologic factor. Additionally, recent data on bone chemical composition of Argentine cases and soil analyses are discussed.ResultsFluoride levels in Argentine cases with osteopathology were low and fluorosis was discarded as an etiological factor. Selenium deficiency occurred in 73% of huemul from the Chilean population which exhibited several cases with osteopathology. The pathophysiognomy included extensive erosion; tooth loss; porosification; perforations of palate, maxillar and mandibular bone with frequent exposure of tooth roots; and fractured mandibula. Areas currently used by remaining huemul have mainly acidic volcanic soils, which reduces selenium bioavailability: mean soil selenium levels from areas typically used by extant huemul were very deficient (0.19 ppm), corroborating documented overt selenium deficiency in local livestock and plants. The area of extant huemul is known to result in primary iodine deficiency in livestock which is aggravated by selenium deficiency.ConclusionsCurrently the most parsimonious explanation for frequent osteopathology and lack of numerical recovery are the combined effects of selenium and iodine deficiencies based on: osteopathology in a population of selenium deficient huemul; selenium deficient livestock, plants and soils; acidic soils; and regional primary iodine deficiency. The nexus between mineral nutrition and population dynamics of huemul may be due to constraints on their movements to fertile lowlands, including the elimination of historic migratory traditions, and concomitant elimination of source populations.

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“…Other wild ruminants make short trips during summer, to visit mineral licks every other months on winter ranges up to 2000 m lower in elevation, to replenish Se-deficient summer diets [ 31 ]. In the Columbian Andes, ruminants were Se deficient at high, but not at low elevation [ 32 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Troubling disease syndrome in endangered live Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) from the Protected Park Shoonem: unusually high prevalence of osteopathology

Flueck

Smith-Flueck²

2017

BMC Res Notes

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ObjectiveThe last 1500 endangered Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) exist in > 100 groups which are not recovering. Prevalence of osteopathology in dead huemul was 57+% (Argentina), whereas similar cases in Chile were accompanied by selenium deficiency. The first clinical cases from live wild huemul confirm widespread osteopathology which explains short life spans, low recruitment, and thus absence of population recovery.ResultsThe first-ever radio-collaring of 3 male huemul in Argentina and 3 females, plus a fresh female carcass allowed examination of 7 huemul. Of these, 86% were diseased and clinical pathophysiognomy included lameness, affected hoof, exfoliation of 2–7 incisors, other cranial osteopathologies, and muscle atrophy. The parsimonious explanation for absent population recovery is high prevalence of osteopathology as evidenced earlier in carcasses, and now by these clinical cases. Areas currently used by huemul have reduced selenium bioavailability, very deficient soil levels, and overt selenium deficiency in local livestock and plants. These areas are known to result in primary iodine deficiency which is aggravated by selenium deficiency. The nexus to nutritional ecology of huemul likely is inaccessibility to most fertile lowlands and traditional winter ranges, elimination of migratory traditions, and concomitant elimination of source populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3052-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Actividad sanguínea de superóxido dismutasa y glutatión peroxidasa en novillas a pastoreo

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Age-Independent Osteopathology in Skeletons of a South American Cervid, the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus Bisulcus)

Age-Independent Osteopathology in Skeletons of a South American Cervid, the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus Bisulcus)

Osteopathology and selenium deficiency co-occurring in a population of endangered Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus)

Troubling disease syndrome in endangered live Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) from the Protected Park Shoonem: unusually high prevalence of osteopathology

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