Active viral genes in transformed cells lie close to the nuclear cage.

Cook, Peter R.; Lang, Jas C.; Hayday, Adrian; Lania, Luigi; Fried, Mike; Chiswell, David J.; Wyke, John A.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01189.x

Cited by 108 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Note that the 24-26% of nuclear DNA remaining with Drgsophila matrices represents a higher percentage than that remaining after similar digestion of matrix-halo structures from avian or mammallan nuclei (14,16). This Is oonsistent with the facts that the supercolled loop lengths In Drosophila are smaller then In avian or mammalian cells (33,34) and that Drosophila DNA contains a high percentage of satel I Ite sequences which are not cleaved by EcoRI (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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The association of transcribed genes with the nuclear matrix ofDrosophilacells during heat shock

1985

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ABSIRACTUsing the transcriptional modulation afforded by heat shock, we found that the association of active genes with the nuclear matrix was not dependent on their level of transcription. Heat shock genes were matrix associated both before heat shock (when transcription was relatively low), and during heat shock (when transcription was greatly Increased). Conversely, the cytoplasmic actin gene was matrix associated during normal growth conditions (when transcription was high) and during heat shock (when transcription was greatly decreased). Removal of greater than 99.7% of nascent RNA during preparation of the matrices did not affect these findings. Detailed examination of the cytoplasmic actin gene revealed that Its matrix association was apparently mediated by multiple Interactions near the 5' end of the gene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In this manuscript, the nuclear matrix refers to an operational entity encompassing those salt insoluble elements which appear to anchor DNA loops. Previous studies have shown that a variety of genes in manmal lan and avian species are associated with such nuclear matrices In cells In which they are transcribed (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of transcribed genes with the nuclear matrix ofDrosophilacells during heat shock

1985

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“…Cellular genes have been described as being close to the nuclear cage when transcriptionally active (Cook et al, 1982;Robinson et al, 1982;Ciejeck et aL, 1983) and specific attachment sequences have now been defined (Mirkovitch et al, 1984). It will be interesting to see if EBV episomal chromatin also has attachment points to the nuclear cage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin Structure of Epstein-Barr Virus

Dyson¹,

Farrell²

1985

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe episomal copies of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA are in a chromatin structure in the lymphoblastoid cell line B95-8. Nucleosomes on EBV DNA have the same spacing as those in cellular chromatin. Some of the EBV DNA is not in nucleosomes; this probably corresponds to DNA which is being packaged. Several DNase hypersensitive sites have been mapped on the EBV genome and patterns of CpG methylation are examined.

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“…Since previous studies provided evidence for an enrichment oftranscriptionally active genes in the nuclear matrix fraction [25,26], it might be argued that topo 11 is associated with lampbrush chromosomes only when they are transcribed at maximal rates, i.e., in growing oocytes. We therefore prepared lampbrush chromosomes also from stage IV oocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Topoisomerase II Is Not Detectable on Lampbrush Chromosomes but Enriched in the Amplified Nucleoli of Xenopus Oocytes

Fischer

Hock

Scheer

1993

Experimental Cell Research

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In somatic cells DNA topoisomerase 11 (topo 11) is thought to be involved in the domain organization of the genome by anchoring the basis of chromatin loops to a chromosomal scaffold. Lampbrush chromosomes of amphibian oocytes directly display this radial loop organization in cytological preparations. In order to find out whether topo 11 may play a role in the organization of these meiotic chromosomes, we performed immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against Xenopus topo 11. Our results indicate that topo 11 is apparently absent from lampbrush chromosomes and is hence unlikely to act as a "fastener" of the numerous lateral chromosomalloops. Topo 11 was, however, enriched in the amplified nucleoli of Xenopus oocytes. © 1993 Academic Press, Inc. INTRODUCTIONThe chromatin fiber of eukaryotic cells is folded into a series of loops or domains which are stabilized by a structural framework called nuclear matrix or chromosomal scaffold. The loops are thought to be anchored at their base to the matrix or scaffold via specific attachment sites, the so-called matrix or scaffold attachment regions (MARs or SARs). Loop length is variable, ranging from 5 to 200 kbp of DNA [for reviews see 1, 2]. Unfortunately, the chromatin loop structures cannot be directly visualized in interphase nuclei with cytological methods because the chromatin strands are highly entangled.The situation is different for amphibian lampbrush chromosomes which can be readily examined under almost native conditions by light microscopy [3]. The structural organization of these meiotic chromosomes exhibits a striking similarity to the loop model described above. Each lampbrush chromosome consists of a chromosomal axis from which numerous loops radiate laterally. The axis represents a linear array of chromo-1 To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Zoologie I, Biozentrum Am Hubland, D-97074 Wiirzburg, Germany. Fax: 0049 931 888 4252. 255 meres containing highly condensed chromatin, while the lateral loops consist of decondensed, transcriptionally active chromatin covered with numerous nascent transcripts. Because lampbrush chromosome architecture resembles so closely the proposed organization of somatic interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes, it is tempting to speculate that the same molecular components might be involved in the maintenance of chromatin loops.One of the best characterized components of the chromosomal scaffold is DNA topoisomerase 11 (topo 11) [4][5][6][7]. Besides its enzymatic activity that creates transient double-strand breaks in duplex DNA and passes DNA strands through one another, the protein has been shown to interact with the MAR and SAR elements [8]. Thus, topo 11 is thought to have catalytic as well as structural functions. Topo 11 is not only associated with the scaffold of mitotic chromosomes but also the cores and centromeric regions of spermatocyte-derived meiotic chromosomes [9]. Recently Luke and Bogenhagen identified by biochemical means topo 11 in the germinal vesicles of Xenopus o...

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Active viral genes in transformed cells lie close to the nuclear cage.

Cited by 108 publications

References 42 publications

The association of transcribed genes with the nuclear matrix ofDrosophilacells during heat shock

The association of transcribed genes with the nuclear matrix ofDrosophilacells during heat shock

Chromatin Structure of Epstein-Barr Virus

DNA Topoisomerase II Is Not Detectable on Lampbrush Chromosomes but Enriched in the Amplified Nucleoli of Xenopus Oocytes

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