Active Transport of Inorganic Phosphate and Magnesium Ions by Beef Heart Mitochondria

Brierley, Gerald P.; Bachmann, E. Theodore; Green, D. E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.48.11.1928

Cited by 106 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It may be that these granules reflect the accumulation of Mg ++ and Pi which are present in this control medium (see legend , Fig. 1); these ions are known to accumulate in isolated mitochondria under similar conditions of incubation (12). Such clusters are sometimes seen in isolated, unincubated mitochondria also.…”

Section: C--i Mg Of Proteinmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The ability to accumulate Ca ++ and phosphate in large amounts has been found in mitochondria of rat liver, kidney, and brain (5), as well as in beef heart (6), and may therefore be characteristic of mitochondria in most cell types. Finally, it has been found that isolated mitochondria accumulate Mg ++ (12)(13)(14) in a respiration-linked process. The accumulation of Mn ++ (7), Ba++ (7,11) and Sr ++ (7,11) has also been briefly reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Active Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions on the Structure of Rat Liver Mitochondria

Greenawalt

Rossi

Lehninger

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

356

126

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Rat liver mitochondria allowed to accumulate maximal amounts of Ca ++ and HPO4 = ions from the suspending medium in vitro during respiration have a considerably higher specific gravity than normal mitochondria and may be easily separated from the latter by isopycnic centrifugation in density gradients of sucrose or cesium chloride. When the mitochondria are allowed to accumulate less than maximal amounts of Ca++ and HPO4= from the medium, they have intermediate specific gravities which are roughly proportional to their content of calcium phosphate. Maximally "loaded" mitochondria are relatively homogeneous with respect to specific gravity. Correlated biochemical and electron microscopic studies show that Ca++-loaded mitochondria contain numerous dense granules, of which some 85 per cent are over 500 A in diameter. These granules are electron-opaque not only following fixation and staining with heavy metal reagents, but also following fixation with formaldehyde, demonstrating that the characteristic granules in Ca++-loaded mitochondria have intrinsic electron-opacity. The dense granules are almost always located within the inner compartment of the mitochondria and not in the space between the inner and outer membranes. They are frequently located at or near the cristae and they often show electrontransparent "cores." Such granules appear to be made up of clusters of smaller dense particles, but preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction studies have revealed no evidence of crystallinity in the deposits. The electron-opaque granules decrease in number when the Ca++-loaded mitochondria are incubated with 2,4-dinitrophenol; simultaneously there is discharge of Ca ++ and phosphate from the mitochondria into the medium.

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Section: C--i Mg Of Proteinmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Active Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions on the Structure of Rat Liver Mitochondria

Greenawalt

Rossi

Lehninger

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

356

126

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“…Of equal interest is the failure of the corn mitochondria to accumulate (livalent cations and phosphate in ratios typical of inorganic salt formation (5,6,18,22). This may be (lue in part to the technical procedures followed; i.e., use of low Ca concentrations, and analysis for total rather than acid-extractable inorganic phosphate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of these findings, plus the observation that ADP also inhibits substrate-driven ion accumulation, Brierley et al (5) suggest that a high energy intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation is a common energy source for ATP formation and for ion transport. Inasmuch as these studies may be relevant to the problem of the connection between respiratory energy and ion transport in plants, we (5,6,18,22). Preliminary communications on phases of this work have appeared elsewhere ( 11,13,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Calcium Accumulation by Maize Mitochondria

Hodges

Hanson

1965

Plant Physiol.

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A number of laboratories have reported that animal mitochondria can actively accumulate various inorganic ions (8). Energy can be supplied by either substrate oxidation or ATP. The antibiotic, oligomycin, inhibits ATP-driven Ca uptake, but not substrate-driven uptake (6,18 Materials and MethodsIsolation of Mitochondria. Corn seeds (Zea mays L., WF9 X M14) were germinated in the dark at 28°on paper towels saturated with 10-4 M CaC2.After 3 and one-half days, the shoots were excised, chilled, and ground in an ice-cold mortar with 0.25 M sucrose, 0.05 M KH2PO4 and 0.005 M EDTA, adjusted to pH 7.5 with Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. The slurry was strained through cheesecloth. Mitochondria were isolated in a refrigerated centrifuge as the fraction sedimenting between 2000 X g for 5 minutes and 12,000 X g for 10 minutes. The mitochondria were twice washed, first in the grinding medium, next in 0.25 M sucrose and were finally suspended in 0.25 M sucrose. The mitochondria were quite active, giving QO2(N) values of about 1500 and P/O values of about 2.5 when oxidizing a mixture of pyruvate and succinate in the absence of inhibitors or uncouplers. Procedures for determining oxidative phosphorylation have been described (12

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