“…Early work on teacher effectiveness (Brophy, 2010; Kounin, 1970) highlighted the importance of a teacher’s monitoring students’ engagement and activities in the classroom. Since then, empirical studies have shown how active supervision can reduce behavior problems during transitions to and from classrooms (Haydon, DeGreg, Maheady, & Hunter, 2012), tardiness to class (Johnson-Gros, Lyons, & Griffin, 2008), and how supervision more broadly (e.g., observation and proximity) supports positive shifts in student performance in academic and behavioral domains (Oswald, Safran, & Johanson, 2005; Sariscsany, Darst, & van der Mars, 1995; Schuldheisz & van der Mars, 2001).…”