Active Shooter Events and Response

Blair, J. Pete; Nichols, Terry; Burns, David J.; Curnutt, John R.

doi:10.1201/b14996

Cited by 51 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…This program has trained 130,000 from nearly half of all agencies in the United States. Members of ALERRT also wrote a book titled “Active Shooter Events and Response,” in which the authors called for more advanced and “aggressive” tactics to be used by the police during mass shootings (Blair, Nichols, Burns, & Curnutt, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid response to mass shootings

Reeping

Jacoby

Rajan

et al. 2019

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary:We conducted a scoping review of literature indexed in the National Library of Medicine's journal citation database, MEDLINE, and Scopus to identify articles in which the rapid response of hospital staff, emergency medical services personnel, the police, and the public to mass shootings is covered. Sixty-five articles were included, and critical themes related to reducing the harm from a mass shooting were summarized.Policy Implications: According to our findings, when mass shootings occur in the United States, several evidenceinformed steps can be taken from the moment the first bullet is fired until the last injured individual is transported to the hospital to promote a rapid response that can reduce death and disability. Ten recommendations are made ranging from recognition of the need for rapid response and bystander training to triage and transport training of police and avoidance of over-response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid response to mass shootings

Reeping

Jacoby

Rajan

et al. 2019

Criminology & Public Policy

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“…Nowadays, two-dimensional (2D) plan sets are the main form of communication for spatial information of a building interior during its operations and occupancy [7] Two research questions guided the paper's research: (1) how does the format of information influence wayfinding performance, and (2) does spatial cognition influence the effectiveness of the format of information in wayfinding? Previous studies have investigated the influence of different factors such as spatial cognition and engineering information format on construction workers' performance and found that three-dimensional (3D) information effected their work positively [8][9][10][11][12]. The present research reviews and analyzes previous studies to study the interdependency of information display, spatial cognition, and demographic background on individual wayfinding in unknown environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Information Format and Spatial Cognition on Individual Wayfinding Performance

Verghote¹,

Al-Haddad

Goodrum

et al. 2019

Buildings

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Buildings with spatially complex interiors poise unique challenges during operations and maintenance. A complex interior makes wayfinding difficult, which can inhibit daily occupants from finding their desired location. Additionally, it can hamper emergency responders and evacuations during extreme emergency events. An experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different information formats and spatial cognition on individual wayfinding in unknown environments. Participants were asked to memorize either a set of two-dimensional (2D) drawings or a three-dimensional (3D) model before navigating through a series of checkpoints in an unfamiliar environment. Individual wayfinding is dependent on an individual’s use of route knowledge or survey knowledge. Route knowledge was assessed from the start of the route to Checkpoint A (i.e., the first checkpoint). Meanwhile, survey knowledge was assessed from Checkpoint A to Checkpoint B. Spatial cognition of participants was measured by administering the card rotation and cube comparison tests. The research found that 3D models have a beneficial impact on the success of individual wayfinding. Furthermore, the success rate of the participants with a low spatial cognition improved significantly when using a 3D model rather than a set of 2D drawings. However, the success rates of participants with a high spatial cognition were not affected by the format of information. While the above results are significant, more experimentation is needed to confirm whether 3D information does effectively lower cognitive demand.

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“…Law enforcement agencies endorse the "run, hide, fight" strategy because research shows that it is the most effective sequence of responses to protect individuals during ASIs. 5 Self-protection is certainly an understandable and permissible reason for choosing a particular action, but it is only one among a variety of actions and reasons. Should the value of self-protection persuade health care facilities and individual health care professionals to implement the "run, hide, fight" response to ASIs?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%