Active shape oscillations of giant vesicles with cyclic closure and opening of membrane necks

Christ, Simon; Litschel, Thomas; Schwille, Petra; Lipowsky, Reinhard

doi:10.1039/d0sm00790k

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recently, shape oscillations of giant vesicles have been observed, [ 38 ] during which the vesicles changed their neck size in a recurrent manner. [ 39 ] These oscillations are caused by Min proteins that attach to and detach from the vesicle membranes, [ 40 ] with the detachment being driven by ATP hydrolysis. The observed shape oscillations can be understood in terms of a spontaneous curvature that undergoes cyclic changes in time.…”

Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in the energy landscapes of the two models has been recently studied for the active shape oscillations of giant vesicles as displayed in Figure 5. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Elasticity Of Biomembranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the neck closes, the neck radius goes to zero and the principal curvature C 2,wl diverges. However, the mean curvature

M_{wl} = \frac{1}{2} (C_{1, wl} + C_{2, wl})

remains finite and satisfies the asymptotic equality

M_{wl} \approx M_{ne} \equiv \frac{1}{2} (M_{l} + M_{normals})

in the limit of small R ne , [ 39 ] with the mean curvature M ne of the closed neck determined by the mean curvatures M l and M s of the two membrane segments, l and s , adjacent to the neck. Thus, as the neck closes, the positive singular contribution from the second principal curvature C 2,wl = 1/ R ne > 0 is cancelled by another negative contribution arising from the contour curvature C 1,wl , which corresponds to a singular catenoid.…”

Section: Local Properties Of Membrane Necksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Lipowsky

2021

Advanced Biology

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Cellular membranes exhibit a fascinating variety of different morphologies, which are continuously remodeled by transformations of membrane shape and topology. This remodeling is essential for important biological processes (cell division, intracellular vesicle trafficking, endocytosis) and can be elucidated in a systematic and quantitative manner using synthetic membrane systems. Here, recent insights obtained from such synthetic systems are reviewed, integrating experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations with the theory of membrane elasticity. The study starts from the polymorphism of biomembranes as observed for giant vesicles by optical microscopy and small nanovesicles in simulations. This polymorphism reflects the unusual elasticity of fluid membranes and includes the formation of membrane necks or fluid ‘worm holes'. The proliferation of membrane necks generates stable multi‐spherical shapes, which can form tubules and tubular junctions. Membrane necks are also essential for the remodeling of membrane topology via membrane fission and fusion. Neck fission can be induced by fine‐tuning of membrane curvature, which leads to the controlled division of giant vesicles, and by adhesion‐induced membrane tension as observed for small nanovesicles. Challenges for future research include the interplay of curvature elasticity and membrane tension during membrane fusion and the localization of fission and fusion processes within intramembrane domains.

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Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in the energy landscapes of the two models has been recently studied for the active shape oscillations of giant vesicles as displayed in Figure 5. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Elasticity Of Biomembranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the neck closes, the neck radius goes to zero and the principal curvature C 2,wl diverges. However, the mean curvature

M_{wl} = \frac{1}{2} (C_{1, wl} + C_{2, wl})

remains finite and satisfies the asymptotic equality

M_{wl} \approx M_{ne} \equiv \frac{1}{2} (M_{l} + M_{normals})

Section: Local Properties Of Membrane Necksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Lipowsky

2021

Advanced Biology

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“… 5 − 9 The incorporation of a minimal set of proteins of the division machinery of cells into GUVs is insightful but it has not yet achieved synthetic cell division. 10 − 13 One of the main challenges for GUV division is to overcome the energy barrier for the neck fission of the daughter compartments. Here, biophysical approaches have proven to provide a shortcut toward synthetic cell division.…”

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confidence: 99%

Light-Triggered Cargo Loading and Division of DNA-Containing Giant Unilamellar Lipid Vesicles

et al. 2021

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A minimal synthetic cell should contain a substrate for information storage and have the capability to divide. Notable efforts were made to assemble functional synthetic cells from the bottom up, however often lacking the capability to reproduce. Here, we develop a mechanism to fully control reversible cargo loading and division of DNA-containing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with light. We make use of the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) which self-assembles into lipid bilayers and leads to local lipid peroxidation upon illumination. On the time scale of minutes, illumination induces the formation of transient pores, which we exploit for cargo encapsulation or controlled release. In combination with osmosis, complete division of two daughter GUVs can be triggered within seconds of illumination due to a spontaneous curvature increase. We ultimately demonstrate the division of a selected DNA-containing GUV with full spatiotemporal control—proving the relevance of the division mechanism for bottom-up synthetic biology.

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Nonequilibrium Membrane Dynamics Induced by Active Protein Interactions and Chemical Reactions: A Review

Noguchi

2024

ChemSystemsChem

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Biomembranes wrapping cells and organelles are not only the partitions that separate the insides but also dynamic fields for biological functions accompanied by membrane shape changes. In this review, we discuss the spatiotemporal patterns and fluctuations of membranes under nonequilibrium conditions. In particular, we focus on theoretical analyses and simulations. Protein active forces enhance or suppress the membrane fluctuations; the membrane height spectra are deviated from the thermal spectra. Protein binding or unbinding to the membrane is activated or inhibited by other proteins and chemical reactions, such as ATP hydrolysis. Such active binding processes can induce traveling waves, Turing patterns, and membrane morphological changes. They can be represented by the continuum reaction‐diffusion equations and discrete lattice/particle models with state flips. The effects of structural changes in amphiphilic molecules on the molecular‐assembly structures are also discussed.

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Active shape oscillations of giant vesicles with cyclic closure and opening of membrane necks

Abstract: Reaction-diffusion systems encapsulated within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) can lead to shape oscillations of these vesicles as recently observed for the bacterial Min protein system. This system contains two Min...

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Light-Triggered Cargo Loading and Division of DNA-Containing Giant Unilamellar Lipid Vesicles

Nonequilibrium Membrane Dynamics Induced by Active Protein Interactions and Chemical Reactions: A Review

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