Active, selective and robust Pd and/or Cr catalysts supported on Ti-, Zr- or [Ti,Zr]-pillared montmorillonites for destruction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds

Hierarchical MoS2 intercalated clay hybrid nanosheets with enhanced catalytic activity

“…Monolayer MMT is composed of a central AlO 4 (OH) 2 octahedral sheet and two SiO 4 tetrahedral sheets connected via shared O atoms, having a total thickness of ~1 nm between the top and bottom O atoms. MMT typically consists of stacked sheets connected via positive ions with a unique combination of swelling, ion exchange, and intercalation, which makes it valuable as a building block for composite materials [20], catalyst supports [21,22], adsorbents of inorganic and organic pollutants [23], templates in organic synthesis [24], and constituents of modified drug-delivery systems [25]. To improve the properties of MMT, the pillaring process is often performed, which involves exchanging the interlayer cations with organic or inorganic cations.…”

Performance of Ti-pillared montmorillonite supported Fe catalysts for toluene oxidation: The effect of Fe on catalytic activity

“…Among the above PILC supports, Ti-PILC may be more suitable as a support, ascribed to its excellent characteristics: (i) large specific surface area that allows further incorporation of active components without hindering pore diffusion; (ii) interlayer TiO 2 primarily in the form of pillars bonded to the tetrahedral sheets increases the interlayer space and acidity of support; and (iii) high thermal and hydrothermal stability (Zuo et al, 2015). From previous studies, novel catalysts have been developed by using Ti-PILC as support for active species, e.g., CrO x -CeO 2 (Huang et al, 2010) and Pd (Michalik-Zym et al, 2015), for the successful oxidation of n-butylamine, dichloromethane or trichloroethylene. The Ti-PILC have also been used for catalytic oxidation of organic compounds in aqueous solution through the heterogeneous Fenton or photocatalytic reaction (Sahel et al, 2014).…”

Modification of Three Types of Bentonite with Zirconium Oxide Chloride (ZOC) of Local Products Using Intercalation Process

“…This matter was in accordance with Olszewska [16] which stated that the intercalation of zirconium will be influenced by the type, the content of alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as the origin of the mineral montmorillonite area. These intercalation process was obviously not much different from the literatures [10][11][12], which had mixed up 0.001-0.01 g Na-bentonite, Namontmorillonite from various regions with 0.01 to 0.1 M Zr concentration of ZrOCl 2 ·8H2O. Furthermore, the detection of alkaline and alkaline earth metals as well as and Al…”

“…8H 2 O (Fluka Analytical Grade) and TiCl 2 (Aldrich, pure > 98%) had been conducted by using the intercalation process [9]. In the same research group ([Ti, Zr]-PILC) was used as a capturing chlorinated volatile organic compounds CVOCs [10].…”