Active–reactive power approaches for optimal placement of charge stations in power systems

Wang, Cheng; Dunn, R.W.; Robinson, Francis; Lian, Bo; Yuan, Weijia; Redfern, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.04.047

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In levels 1 and 2, EV requires hours to fully be recharged, while charging level 3, named direct current (DC) fast charging, provides the possibility to fully charge an EV battery in less than half an hour. Therefore, it is expected that public DC fast charging stations (CSs) play a key role in distribution systems in near future [6,7], especially when many EVs are loading their accumulators simultaneously. Consequently, the topic of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) has attracted attention from point of view of distribution system operator and EV users [8,9].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cost‐based optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations considering demand response programmes

Simorgh¹,

Doagou‐Mojarrad

Razmi

et al. 2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.7447 × 10 6 1.4947 × 10 6 grid loss, $ 0.4416 × 10 6 0.61491 × 10 6 DR, $ 0.03 × 10 6 0.038 × 10 6 total, $ 3.4123 × 10 6 3.0228 × 10 6…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost‐based optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations considering demand response programmes

Simorgh¹,

Doagou‐Mojarrad

Razmi

et al. 2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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“…From the perspective of distribution network operators, active and reactive power support from inverters is important in order to reduce the distribution losses and to prevent violation of the voltage constraints in the distribution networks. Thus, use of the active and reactive power dispatch method in a charging station has been proposed for optimal placement of charging stations with batteries and inverters . Furthermore, the optimal power factor for charging stations with PV panels has been analyzed in the context of a distribution planning problem, considering the stochastic nature of PEV behavior .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing electric vehicle hosting capacity and equality for fast charging stations using residential photovoltaics in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks

Sugihara

Funaki

2019

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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To achieve broad installation of electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to deploy fast EV charging stations at many points without distribution network reinforcement. This study develops a methodology for evaluating the hosting capacity for fast EV charging loads under medium-and low-voltage (MV and LV) distribution networks with bus-voltage and line-current constraints; hence, the promising combination of fast EV charging and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution networks is analyzed. In particular, on a sunny day, the active power output supplied by rooftop PVs can be used to mitigate the voltage drop problem for end-use residential customers. On a cloudy day, even though the active power output is smaller, the residual inverter capacities of rooftop PVs can be used to generate reactive power from those systems. In addition, in order to evaluate the spatial equalization of the EV hosting capacity at fast charging stations, an equalization factor of the spatial distribution is proposed, which is obtained as a percentage of the EV hosting capacity in the equally maximized case over that in the simply maximized case. The equalization factor can be improved from approximately 33 to 70% using the active and reactive power outputs from residential rooftop PVs.

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“…However, the models that have considered the reactive power involved in the EV charging are not rare [60,61].…”

Section: Objective 1: Modelling Ev Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, none of these algorithms has considered the GHG emissions. Reliability [100] Minimum total transportation distance (TTD) [102] Costs [28,29,41,60,97,100,105] Vehicle-miles-travelled (VMT) being electrified [101] Finally, these algorithms are intended for either HC or BC, or CC as shown in Table 2.18.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

PV-based EV charging station with vehicle-to-grid services for business premises

Islam¹

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The transportation sector is the second major contributor to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, next to electricity generation sector. GHG emissions are projected to grow in the future due to the over-reliance on fossil fuels for both electricity generation and transportation sectors.However, the growth can be stalled by gradually introducing electric vehicles (EVs) as they produce less GHG compared to their conventional counterparts. Despite that, their proliferation has been stunted by a completely new set of challenges in addition to a very high capital cost. These challenges include low driving ranges, scarcity of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), long charging time and inability to provide charging service readily. Nevertheless, some of these challenges can be addressed by installing EVCS at business premises (i.e., offices, universities, etc.) and augmenting EVCS with onsite PV and battery energy storage (BES). In that case, the impacts of EV charging on the grid will be less significant; charging services will be available readily, and GHG emissions growth can be reduced significantly. Moreover, EVCS, under suitable conditions, would be able to provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, which makes EVCS more attractive.Despite such prospective opportunities, offhand planning and operational planning of EVCS would deem them unachievable. In addition, the inherent intermittency of PV, and EV and grids loads will pose considerable hindrance on availing those benefits.Hence, this research focusses on an EVCS with onsite PV and BES, in the perspective of planning and operational planning including V2G services. The cornerstone of the planning and operational planning is an appropriate EV load model that captures the uncertainties of EV charging. In addition, the EV load model reflects the grid voltage and EV battery's state of charge (SOC)-dependency of EV charging. Moreover, it accounts for the diversity of the EV population embodied by market shares, battery sizes, charging levels, and charging voltages, currents, and power factors. Furthermore, it is scalable to facilitate seamless assimilation of a large EV population. Therefore, a new EV load model is first proposed with MATLAB/Simulink validation reflecting the factors above along with the recommendations by the standard BS EN 61851-23:2014. This EV model is then incorporated into the planning activities, which include four chronological exercises. Firstly, the impact (i.e., grid voltage, current, losses, etc.) of the EV charging on the grid at different locations, namely home, office, public charging, is investigated considering the uncertainties. Secondly, the optimal location of the PV and BES based EVCS is divulged regarding the reduction of the impact and costs involved while enhancing the charging quality of service (QoS). Thirdly, a suitability analysis is performed for the obtained optimal location to find the most suitable combination of the grid upgrading, PV deployment, and BES iii deployment to satisfy the QoS, ...

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Active–reactive power approaches for optimal placement of charge stations in power systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Cost‐based optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations considering demand response programmes

Cost‐based optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations considering demand response programmes

Increasing electric vehicle hosting capacity and equality for fast charging stations using residential photovoltaics in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks

PV-based EV charging station with vehicle-to-grid services for business premises

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