Active Phase Conjugating Lens With Sub-Wavelength Resolution Capability

Fusco, Vincent; Buchanan, Neil; Malyuskin, Oleksandr

doi:10.1109/tap.2009.2039332

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our previous companion paper [15] we proposed a fundamentally new class of electrically compact antenna terminals with omnidirectional radiation pattern in receive mode and auto-pointing superdirective radiation pattern in transmit mode, with auto-pointing requiring dedicated electronic circuitry performing EM signal phase conjugation, [20]- [22]. The EM phenomena enabling electrically compact retrodirective antenna array (RDA) operation are theoretically considered in full detail in [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Electrically Compact Retrodirective Monopole Antenna Arrays

Malyuskin

Fusco

2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-Auto-pointing and angular super-resolution properties of the radiation patterns generated by an electrically compact retrodirective monopole antenna array are demonstrated experimentally for the first time. The operation of electrically compact (element spacings less than one fifth of the radiation wavelength) retrodirective antenna arrays that were theoretically considered in our previous work are confirmed by measurement. Particularly it is shown that the Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) information carried by an incident electromagnetic wave can be encoded into the evanescent near field of an electrically small resonant antenna array with a spatial rate higher than the spatial oscillation rate of the incident field in free space. This observation is supported by the near field measurements demonstrating that the magnitude of the scattered (evanescent) field in the array environment can exceed the magnitude of the incident field in free space by at least 6dB. Retrodirective array antenna matching and the feasibility of a frequency-division full-duplex communication link based on the proposed antenna arrays are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Electrically Compact Retrodirective Monopole Antenna Arrays

Malyuskin

Fusco

2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The dual-sided phase conjugating lens (PCL) presented in [16], [17] can be viewed as a generalized MIMO system with self-compensating mutual coupling autofocusing properties. The autofocusing of the EM source is achieved due to analogue phase conjugation of the incoming wavefront across the PCL aperture which leads to negative refraction of the EM wave front and reconstruction of the source image in the mirror-symmetric position of the source with respect to the PCL plane [16], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Focusing and Imaging in Stratified Media Using Gradient Phase Profiled Conjugating Lens

Malyuskin

Fusco

2014

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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High-resolution imaging of a dipole source in stratified medium based on negative refraction is presented in this paper. Compensation of the material parameter contrast at the stratified media interface is achieved using a gradient phase profiled conjugating lens (GPCL). It is shown both analytically and numerically that the phase gradient applied across the GPCL positioned at the interface of vertically stratified media enables a high-quality image of a dipole source in a mirror symmetric position with respect to the lens plane. The analytical closed form expression of the phase gradient function is derived using Huygens-Kirchhoff principle. The result is applicable to media with arbitrary stratification and material parameters, including lossy materials. The mechanism for formation of the dipole image in the stratified medium and aberration due to the dielectric contrast at the interface, particularly electromagnetic loss, is discussed in detail. The efficacy of gradient phase and amplitude aberration compensations mechanisms available through the GPCL is articulated. The results of the study are of importance in a wide range of imaging problems in stratified media for medical, civil, and military applications.

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“…A few recent works have examined using discrete PC elements for forward focusing [21,22], but these cannot be extended to create an effective medium. As an example, [21] used an array of patch antennas for receiving; a phase-conjugating circuit for each antenna composed of PLLs, filters, phase shifters, IQ modulators, and other components; and a separate array of patch antennas for retransmission.We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that NAMMs, when driven with an active source, act as PC elements. The nonlinear characteristics of the metamaterials are obtained by embedding varactor diodes in each metamaterial element and exciting each element with a monochromatic rf signal, allowing easy extension to construction of a bulk medium of phase-conjugating SRRs with no external circuitry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pendry showed that a thin slab would indeed generate these retrodirective waves but would also generate a wave on the other side of the material exhibiting negative refraction. A few recent works have examined using discrete PC elements for forward focusing [21,22], but these cannot be extended to create an effective medium. As an example, [21] used an array of patch antennas for receiving; a phase-conjugating circuit for each antenna composed of PLLs, filters, phase shifters, IQ modulators, and other components; and a separate array of patch antennas for retransmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase Conjugation and Negative Refraction using Nonlinear Active Metamaterials

Katko

Barrett

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present an experimental demonstration of phase conjugation using nonlinear metamaterial elements. Active split-ring resonators loaded with varactor diodes are demonstrated theoretically to act as phase-conjugating or time-reversing discrete elements when parametrically pumped and illuminated with appropriate frequencies. The metamaterial elements were fabricated and shown experimentally to produce a time-reversed signal. Measurements confirm that a discrete array of phase-conjugating elements act as a negatively refracting time-reversal rf lens only 0:12 thick. [7][8][9] gain for loss compensation and frequency tuning, respectively, as well as amplification [10]. Embedding a nonlinear response into metamaterials has also been used for powerdependent tuning [11][12][13] and coherent harmonic generation [14,15].In this Letter we introduce a new class of nonlinear active metamaterials (NAMMs). Combining metamaterials' nonlinear response with an active high-frequency external excitation in the simplest metamaterial building block, the split-ring resonator (SRR), we experimentally demonstrate phase conjugation of microwave signals. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that such NAMM can be used as a building block for a negatively refracting lens. Negative refraction [16] is one of the most discussed and intriguing phenomena exhibited by a special class of metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability. It was shown theoretically by Pendry [17], however, that negative refraction could also be produced by a thin slab of a material exhibiting time reversal (or, equivalently, phase conjugation). Traditional thick slabs of phase-conjugating (PC) media have been used for the useful property of generating negative frequency waves that focus back on the source, sometimes called retrodirectivity [18]. Discrete arrays of PC elements have also been used for retrodirectivity by the microwave community [19,20]. Pendry showed that a thin slab would indeed generate these retrodirective waves but would also generate a wave on the other side of the material exhibiting negative refraction. A few recent works have examined using discrete PC elements for forward focusing [21,22], but these cannot be extended to create an effective medium. As an example, [21] used an array of patch antennas for receiving; a phase-conjugating circuit for each antenna composed of PLLs, filters, phase shifters, IQ modulators, and other components; and a separate array of patch antennas for retransmission.We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that NAMMs, when driven with an active source, act as PC elements. The nonlinear characteristics of the metamaterials are obtained by embedding varactor diodes in each metamaterial element and exciting each element with a monochromatic rf signal, allowing easy extension to construction of a bulk medium of phase-conjugating SRRs with no external circuitry. We then demonstrate experimentally that nonlinear metamaterials do indeed act as phase-conjugating and thus negatively refracting elem...

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Active Phase Conjugating Lens With Sub-Wavelength Resolution Capability

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental Study of Electrically Compact Retrodirective Monopole Antenna Arrays

Experimental Study of Electrically Compact Retrodirective Monopole Antenna Arrays

Electromagnetic Focusing and Imaging in Stratified Media Using Gradient Phase Profiled Conjugating Lens

Phase Conjugation and Negative Refraction using Nonlinear Active Metamaterials

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