Active parasitic folds on the Elysian Park anticline: Implications for seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California

Oskin, M. E.; Sieh, Kerry; Rockwell, T. K.; Miller, Grant; Guptill, Paul; Curtis, Matthew C.; McArdle, Steve; Elliot, Paul

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<693:apfote>2.0.co;2

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[35] Regional shortening in the Los Angeles region is accommodated by both off fault deformation (e.g., folding [Davis and Namson, 1994;Meigs et al, 2008;Oskin et al, 2000]) as well as slip on a network of discontinuous faults Figure 7. The four areas of greatest residuals discussed in the text are labeled and correspond to local maxima of anthropogenic subsidence or uplift: (1) location of maximum uplift due to fluid injection in the Santa Fe Springs oil fields near the Whittier Hills, (2) location of maximum subsidence due to fluid extraction in the Salt Lake oil fields near the northern Los Angeles basin, (3) location of maximum subsidence from groundwater removal in the Santa Ana aquifer near the San Joaquin Hills, and (4) location of maximum subsidence due to groundwater removal in the San Gabriel basin aquifer.…”

Section: Model and Gps Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oskin et al [2000], (3), (4)Huftile and Yeats [1996], (5), (6) McNeilan et al [1996], (7) Shaw et al [2002], (8) Grant et al [1999], (9) Dolan and Pratt [1997] and Dolan et al [2000], (10) Tsutsumi et al [2001], (11) Tucker and Dolan [2001], (12) Rubin et al [1998], (13) Crook et al [1987], (14) Walls and Gath [2001], (15) Yeats [2002], (16) Dolan et al [1997], (17) Freeman et al [1992] and Grant et al [1997], (18) Lindvall and Rockwell [1995], (19) Stephenson et al [1995], (20) Marin et al [2000], (21) Kahle [1986], (22)Yeats et al [1994], and (23)Gath et al [1992].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interseismic deformation associated with three‐dimensional faults in the greater Los Angeles region, California

Marshall¹,

Cooke²,

Owen³

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Existing interseismic models are not well-suited to simulate deformation within the network of finite, intersecting, nonplanar faults observed in the greater Los Angeles region. Instead of applying fault slip rates to a model a priori, we allow three-dimensional fault surfaces to interact and accumulate mechanically viable slip distributions and then use the deep nonseismogenic portion of slip to calculate interseismic deformation. We apply this approach to the Los Angeles region and find that the geologic timescale model results match well geologic slip rate data and the interseismic timescale model results match well the heterogeneous GPS velocity pattern in the Los Angeles region. Model results suggest that localized geodetic convergence in the San Gabriel basin can be achieved with slip on multiple active fault surfaces in the Los Angeles region including relatively fast slip on the Sierra Madre fault and slow slip on the Puente Hills thrusts, in agreement with geologic data. The ability of the three-dimensional model to reproduce well both geologic slip rates and interseismic geodetic velocity patterns suggests that current day contraction rates in the greater Los Angeles region are compatible with long-term geologic deformation rates and disputes suggestions of significant temporal variations in fault slip rates inferred from existing investigations.

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Section: Model and Gps Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interseismic deformation associated with three‐dimensional faults in the greater Los Angeles region, California

Marshall¹,

Cooke²,

Owen³

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Most of the terraces in the VMDB were formed well inland of the shoreline by braided rivers during times when sea level was not low enough to cause incised valley formation. Some of these terraces are fill deposits (e.g., >20-m-thick fills along the Los Angeles River [Oskin et al, 2000]). Other terraces are straths cut on bedrock, but these also are likely to be formed during periods of enhanced sediment flux [e.g., Hancock and Anderson, 2002].…”

Section: River Terracesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern California Earthquake Center Geologic Vertical Motion Database

Niemi

Oskin

Rockwell

2008

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Southern California Earthquake Center Geologic Vertical Motion Database (VMDB) integrates disparate sources of geologic uplift and subsidence data at 104‐ to 106‐year time scales into a single resource for investigations of crustal deformation in southern California. Over 1800 vertical deformation rate data points in southern California and northern Baja California populate the database. Four mature data sets are now represented: marine terraces, incised river terraces, thermochronologic ages, and stratigraphic surfaces. An innovative architecture and interface of the VMDB exposes distinct data sets and reference frames, permitting user exploration of this complex data set and allowing user control over the assumptions applied to convert geologic and geochronologic information into absolute uplift rates. Online exploration and download tools are available through all common web browsers, allowing the distribution of vertical motion results as HTML tables, tab‐delimited GIS‐compatible text files, or via a map interface through the Google Maps™ web service. The VMDB represents a mature product for research of fault activity and elastic deformation of southern California.

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“…The geomorphology of active fault zones often contains information on the long-term development and evolution of the faulting, which is impossible to obtain using seismology alone (e.g. Burbank et al 1996;Jackson et al 1996;Keller et al 1998;Oskin et al 2000). In the following section we use simple observations of the Figure 7.…”

Section: Geomorphological Expression Of Thrust Faulting At Tabasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, study of the geomorphology can highlight the potential for earthquakes to occur on a given structure (e.g. Oskin et al 2000), and allow identification of similar surface features to those found at Tabas and Ferdows, even without guidance from previous recorded seismicity.…”

Section: M P L I C a T I O N S F O R E A R T H Q U A K E H A Z A R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface expression of thrust faulting in eastern Iran: source parameters and surface deformation of the 1978 Tabas and 1968 Ferdows earthquake sequences

Walker¹,

Jackson²,

Baker³

2003

Geophysical Journal International

116

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SUMMARY Previously unrecognised thrust faults in eastern Iran were responsible for a destructive earthquake at Tabas (1978, September 16), which produced over 80 km of distributed and discontinuous surface ruptures above a series of low anticlinal hills to the west of a major range‐front. Analysis of long‐period body‐wave seismograms shows a simple rupture on a gently dipping (∼16°) thrust, with a slight right‐lateral component. This is compatible with the locally recorded aftershock distribution. Body wave analysis of two later, smaller events show similar source orientations. Several indicators of long‐term active folding at Tabas can be recognised in the geomorphology, and surface ruptures from 1978 are consistent with co‐seismic fold growth. Drainage incision also indicates uplift at depth on thrust faults dipping eastwards beneath the folds. Body‐wave seismograms for two earthquakes near Ferdows, 150 km east of Tabas, in September 1968 also show thrust faulting at depths of ∼10 km. Again, the surface geomorphology indicates a region of folding above an eastward‐dipping thrust fault, which is ∼10 km west of a fault bounded range‐front. In both Tabas and Ferdows, the active faulting appears to show Quaternary migration away from the range‐front, possibly in response to stresses produced by the elevated topography. The identification of zones of active fault‐related folding is important for earthquake hazard assessment and also for an understanding of the local tectonics. We conclude that the structures which gave rise to the 1968 and 1978 earthquakes could have been recognised beforehand from the clear signals in the geomorphology, had we known what to look for at that time.

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Active parasitic folds on the Elysian Park anticline: Implications for seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Interseismic deformation associated with three‐dimensional faults in the greater Los Angeles region, California

Interseismic deformation associated with three‐dimensional faults in the greater Los Angeles region, California

Southern California Earthquake Center Geologic Vertical Motion Database

Surface expression of thrust faulting in eastern Iran: source parameters and surface deformation of the 1978 Tabas and 1968 Ferdows earthquake sequences

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