Active numerical model of human body for reconstruction of falls from height

Milanowicz, Marcin; Kędzior, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.009

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The final objective function does not take into account appendicular skeleton movements (lower arms, lower limbs and feet): this result agrees with findings from other researcher who demonstrated the respective negligible influence (Milanowicz and Kedzior, 2017). With reference to this aspect, results of the final optimum configuration (Figure 6) have shown that the maximum errors are associated to the position of arms (the maximum distance was detected for the lower arms segments).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Multibody models have one more advantage over anthropomorphic dummies that is the possibility of simulating voluntary movements produced by muscle activation [(Milanowicz and Kedzior, 2017) "active models"]. This possibility should be exploited with caution since it is impossible to foresee which voluntary reactions could a human being have in the short time of an accident: extensive experimental tests are needed in order to produce reliable muscle activation patterns, corresponding to unconditional reflexes (Devane et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multibody Models for the Analysis of a Fall From Height: Accident, Suicide, or Murder?

Pascoletti

Catelani²,

Conti

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The final subject position is often the only evidence in the case of the fall of a human being from a given height. Foreseeing the body trajectory and the respective driving force may not be trivial due to the possibility of rotations and to an unknown initial position and momentum of the subject. This article illustrates how multibody models can be used for this aim, with specific reference to an actual case, where a worker fell into a stair well, prior to stair mounting, and he was found in an unexpected posture. The aim of the analysis was establishing if this worker was dead in that same place, if he had been pushed, and which was his initial position. A multibody model of the subject has been built ("numerical android"), given his stature and his known mass. Multiple simulations have been performed, following a design of experiments where various initial positions and velocity as well as pushing forces have been considered, while the objective function to be minimized was the deviation of the numerical android position from the actual worker position. At the end of the analysis, it was possible to point how a very limited set of conditions, all including the application of an external pushing force (or initial speed), could produce the given final posture with an error on the distance function equal to 0.39 m. The full analysis gives a demonstration of the potentiality of multibody models as a tool for the analysis of falls in forensic inquiries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multibody Models for the Analysis of a Fall From Height: Accident, Suicide, or Murder?

Pascoletti

Catelani²,

Conti

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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show abstract

“…The kinematics in falling scenarios has been investigated based on multibody dynamics for example in [7,14]. Also, first efforts have been made in the application of active multibody models [15] based on experimental tests [11]. Using finite element simulation, soft tissue deformations and material failure can be modeled [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slip and tilt: modeling falls over railings

et al. 2020

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Falls over railings are frequent case scenarios forensic experts are confronted with. An important issue is the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental falling scenarios. From a biomechanical point of view, this is a challenging task and should be addressed in a multifactorial approach. This work presents a simplified mechanical model in terms of a cranked rod that can be used in cases without relevant dynamic components in terms of pushing or jumping. If the anti-slip and the anti-tilt condition are violated, the possibility for a person to get over a railing should be assumed and investigated in more detail. Because our approach also involves uncertainties, the formulae should be understood to be part of a multifactorial approach. Numerical simulation, experimental reconstruction, injury pattern, and trace analysis can yield additional substantial connecting facts.

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“…The reconstruction of fall dynamics often represents a real challenge because of the absence of sufficient circumstantial data on the scene or of evidence at autopsy. This makes it very difficult to establish the manner of death, with important implications in the judicial field . In the literature, deaths from fatal falls are still a not well‐explored topic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Forensic Botany in Reconstructing the Dynamics of Trauma from High Falls

Aquila¹,

Sacco²,

Ricci³

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The analysis of botanical traces can be supportive, especially when the crime scene investigation and autopsy do not provide sufficient information. This issue arises most commonly in fatal falls from height. We report the case of a man found dead below a hill. The body showed traumatic injuries from a fall. During the scene investigation, a sampling of botanical elements was carried out on three zones of the hill called the point of loss of balance, the point of fall, and the point of impact. The botanical elements collected on the three zones were compared with those found on the victim and an autopsy was performed. The botanical analysis clarified the phases of falling, as well as allowing us to reconstruct the dynamics and the accidental manner of death.

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Active numerical model of human body for reconstruction of falls from height

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Multibody Models for the Analysis of a Fall From Height: Accident, Suicide, or Murder?

Multibody Models for the Analysis of a Fall From Height: Accident, Suicide, or Murder?

Slip and tilt: modeling falls over railings

The Role of Forensic Botany in Reconstructing the Dynamics of Trauma from High Falls

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