Active Nanophotonic Circuitry Based on Dielectric‐loaded Plasmonic Waveguides

Krasavin, Alexey V.; Zayats, Anatoly V.

doi:10.1002/adom.201500329

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…27 However, even when these dependences are taken into account, the observed intrinsic nonlinearity (3) of gold additionally increases with the reduction of the film thickness (Figure 2). Using the experimental values on the imaginary part of the third-order susceptibility of gold, approaches nanoscale values, free electrons start to feel the layer boundaries, and the collision frequency of electrons in the metal layer increases comparing to bulk metal.…”

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“…25 On the other hand, nanophotonic and plasmonic devices are extensively exploited in the infrared (IR) wavelength range. 2,3 The propagation losses of long-range SPPs (LRSPPs) in Au-based waveguides can be ~2-5 dB/mm at the telecommunication wavelengths. 25 Meanwhile, the third-order susceptibility of gold, (3) Au  , in the IR wavelength range arises mainly from the intraband electron transitions and is much smaller than in the visible range.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,3 The propagation losses of long-range SPPs (LRSPPs) in Au-based waveguides can be ~2-5 dB/mm at the telecommunication wavelengths. 25 Meanwhile, the third-order susceptibility of gold, (3) Au  , in the IR wavelength range arises mainly from the intraband electron transitions and is much smaller than in the visible range. 18,19 Therefore, a conventional z-scan method may not be sensitive enough for nonlinear measurements in ultrathin gold layers.…”

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Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrashort Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Pulses in Gold Strip Waveguides

et al. 2016

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We study experimentally and theoretically nonlinear propagation of ultrashort long-range surface plasmon polaritons in gold strip waveguides. The nonlinear absorption of the plasmonic modes in the waveguides is measured with femtosecond pulses revealing a strong dependence of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the gold core on the pulse duration and layer thickness. A comprehensive model for the pulse duration dependence of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility is developed on the basis of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for plasmonic mode propagation in the waveguides. The model accounts for the intrinsic delayed (noninstantaneous) nonlinearity of free electrons of gold as well as the thickness of the gold film, and is experimentally verified. The obtained results are important for the development of active plasmonic and nanophotonic components. 2Plasmonic nanostructures represent a unique platform for many linear and nonlinear optical applications. 1 A great variety of plasmonic waveguides for integrated optics, 2,3 nanofocusing, 4,5 sensing, 6,7 lasing and amplification of light 8,9 has been proposed. In particular, special attention has recently been paid to the nonlinear optical properties of plasmonic waveguides, hybrid plasmonic waveguides, and other elements important for future nanophotonic communication approaches. [10][11][12] Bulk metals, thin metal layers, and plasmonic metamaterials have been investigated in the nonlinear regime. [13][14][15] The nonlinear propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in plasmonic waveguides can be studied in terms of either the second-order nonlinearity, 16,17 or the third-order nonlinearity. 18,19 The latter is particularly important because it is present in all materials. In metals, it mainly arises due to hot-electron contributions from changes of the intrinsic electronic temperature after absorption of the incident light. Typically, the electron relaxation time in noble metals is on the few-picosecond scale, 18,19 implying that their nonlinear susceptibility can depend on the laser pulse duration if it is shorter than or comparable with the electron relaxation time. 20 The majority of the experimental data on the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gold were collected near the interband transitions in a wavelength range of 532-630 nm for pulse durations between 100 fs and 1 ns. 20 Most results were obtained with the z-scan method, reporting very high values of the third-order susceptibility in the range of 10 -16 -10 -15 m 2 /V 2 . [21][22][23][24] However, the linear propagation losses of SPPs in Au-based waveguides, which are also related to the same interband transitions, are very high (~30-40 dB/mm) in this wavelength range. 25 On the other hand, nanophotonic and plasmonic devices are extensively exploited in the infrared (IR) wavelength range. 2,3 The propagation losses of long-range SPPs (LRSPPs) in Au-based waveguides can be ~2-5 dB/mm at the telecommunication wavelengths. 25 Meanwhile, the third-3 order susceptibility of...

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Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrashort Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Pulses in Gold Strip Waveguides

et al. 2016

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“…Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) provide passive and active functionalities to control the flow of optical signals, such as spectral filters, optical multiplexers, electro-optical modulators, photodetectors, and interferometers [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Silicon photonics has proven to be an excellent platform for photonic integration as silicon has a high refractive index (n ∼ 3.4) and low optical losses at telecom wavelengths, while its nanofabrication is compatible with CMOS industry standards, allowing for direct compatibility with electronics [7][8][9][10].…”

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confidence: 99%

All-optical switching in silicon photonic waveguides with an epsilon-near-zero resonant cavity [Invited]

2018

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“…With this integrated device architecture, developing nanoplasmonic waveguide devices based on materials and fabrication processes, which are compatible with electronic and photonic technologies, become desirable. The extraordinary properties of nanoplasmonic devices have motivated significant efforts in several fields of research [10], including sensing [11], light-matter interaction enhancement [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], light amplification [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], sub-diffraction imaging [32], metamaterials [33,34], and planar optical circuitry [35,36]. In this Review, we will focus exclusively on the use of nanoplasmonic waveguides in planar optical circuitry and on related developments of integrated devices with advanced functionalities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:As modern complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry rapidly approaches fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, optical platforms have become promising candidates to circumvent these limits and facilitate massive increases in computational power. To compete with high density CMOS circuitry, optical technology within the plasmonic regime is desirable, because of the sub-diffraction limited confinement of electromagnetic energy, large optical bandwidth, and ultrafast processing capabilities. As such, nanoplasmonic waveguides act as nanoscale conduits for optical signals, thereby forming the backbone of such a platform. In recent years, significant research interest has developed to uncover the fundamental physics governing phenomena occurring within nanoplasmonic waveguides, and to implement unique optical devices. In doing so, a wide variety of material properties have been exploited. CMOS-compatible materials facilitate passive plasmonic routing devices for directing the confined radiation. Magnetic materials facilitate time-reversal symmetry breaking, aiding in the development of nonreciprocal isolators or modulators. Additionally, strong confinement and enhancement of electric fields within such waveguides require the use of materials with high nonlinear coefficients to achieve increased nonlinear optical phenomenon in a nanoscale footprint. Furthermore, this enhancement and confinement of the fields facilitate the study of strong-field effects within the solid-state environment of the waveguide. Here, we review current stateof-the-art physics and applications of nanoplasmonic waveguides pertaining to passive, magnetoplasmonic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices. Such components are essential elements in integrated optical circuitry, and each fulfill specific roles in truly developing a chip-scale plasmonic computing architecture.

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Active Nanophotonic Circuitry Based on Dielectric‐loaded Plasmonic Waveguides

Cited by 54 publications

References 206 publications

Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrashort Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Pulses in Gold Strip Waveguides

Nonlinear Dynamics of Ultrashort Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Pulses in Gold Strip Waveguides

All-optical switching in silicon photonic waveguides with an epsilon-near-zero resonant cavity [Invited]

Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices

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