Active maintenance of semantic representations

Nishiyama, Ryoji

doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0618-1

Cited by 14 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Of note, the interaction between memory task and dual task indicates selective disruption of synonym recognition by tapping. The results replicated the findings of Nishiyama [ 25 ], using a more appropriate phonological memory task and a secondary task with a more standard pace.…”

Section: Experiments 1asupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, Nishiyama [ 25 ] demonstrated a double dissociation in which tapping disrupted the performance of a modified synonym recognition task [ 26 , 27 ] and AS disrupted the performance of the homophone recognition task, selectively. The synonym recognition task required participants to choose synonyms for studied words as recognition targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present study. The principal purpose of this study is to verify whether the double dissociation [ 40 ] reflects a difference in maintenance mechanisms for semantic and phonological representations. Experiments 1A-C attempted to replicate the selective dual task effects on semantic and psychological memory performance, while modifying the phonological memory task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separability of active semantic and phonological maintenance in verbal working memory

Nishiyama

2018

PLoS ONE

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Models of verbal working memory that incorporate active memory maintenance, long-term memory networks, and attention control have been developed. Current studies suggest that semantic representations of words, evoked via long-term memory networks, are actively maintained until they are needed to fulfill a role. In other words, it is possible that some mechanism actively refreshes semantic representations of words, analogous to but independently from articulatory rehearsal which refreshes phonological representations. One valuable piece of evidence is a double dissociation, observed in a dual task paradigm in which manual tapping disrupted a semantic memory task while articulatory suppression disrupted a phonological memory task. However, in that study, the secondary tasks could have competed not only with the maintenance but also with the encoding activities. Additionally, the study items in the phonological memory tasks were words; hence, the discriminability of the memory tasks is doubtful. The present study, therefore, examined a potential double dissociation in situations where the secondary tasks could not compete with encoding, using a modified phonological memory task. Furthermore, this article discusses a potential mechanism for maintaining semantic representations.

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Section: Experiments 1asupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separability of active semantic and phonological maintenance in verbal working memory

Nishiyama

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Further studies with normal participants have also demonstrated similar double dissociations (Nishiyama, 2013(Nishiyama, , 2014. For example, using a dual-task interference paradigm, Nishiyama (2014) showed that disrupting maintenance of words using articulatory suppression or tapping differently affected performance on a homophone (phonological) or synonym (semantic) short-term recognition task.…”

Section: Semantic Representations In Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

The role of semantic representations in verbal working memory.

Loaiza¹,

Camos²

2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Two main mechanisms, articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing, are argued to be involved in the maintenance of verbal information in working memory (WM). Whereas converging research has suggested that rehearsal promotes the phonological representations of memoranda in working memory, little is known about the representations that refreshing may promote. Not only would examining this question address this gap in the literature, but the investigation has profound implications for different theoretical proposals of how refreshing functions and on the relationships between WM and long-term memory (LTM). Accordingly, we tested predictions from 5 models regarding how refreshing may moderate the semantic representation of memoranda in verbal WM. This series of 4 experiments presented a cue word that was either semantically or phonologically related to a target during the recall phase of a complex span task. Experiment 1 established the benefit of semantic over phonological retrieval cues, and Experiment 2 established that this semantic benefit was specific to a refreshing-rather than a rehearsal-based maintenance strategy. Finally, we showed that this semantic benefit did not vary with the cognitive load of the concurrent task (Experiments 3 and 4) or the intention to learn the memoranda (Experiment 4). These results indicate that cue-based retrieval from episodic LTM may strongly contribute to semantic processing effects in WM recall, but this influence of episodic LTM is independent of the function of refreshing to reactivate memory traces. Accordingly, these results have strong implications for the functioning of refreshing and the links between WM and LTM. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…However, the recent-probes task provides a measure of interference due to temporal recency in recognition memory, which is different to the buildup of PI due to semantic context in free recall. There is increasing evidence that the maintenance of semantic representations in working memory involves a distinct capacity (e.g., Majerus et al, 2004 ; Shivde and Anderson, 2011 ; Nishiyama, 2014 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-lasting semantic interference effects in object naming are not necessarily conceptually mediated

2015

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Long-lasting interference effects in picture naming are induced when objects are presented in categorically related contexts in both continuous and blocked cyclic paradigms. Less consistent context effects have been reported when the task is changed to semantic classification. Experiment 1 confirmed the recent finding of cumulative facilitation in the continuous paradigm with living/non-living superordinate categorization. To avoid a potential confound involving participants responding with the identical superordinate category in related contexts in the blocked cyclic paradigm, we devised a novel set of categorically related objects that also varied in terms of relative age – a core semantic type associated with the adjective word class across languages. Experiment 2 demonstrated the typical interference effect with these stimuli in basic level naming. In Experiment 3, using the identical blocked cyclic paradigm, we failed to observe semantic context effects when the same pictures were classified as younger–older. Overall, the results indicate the semantic context effects in the two paradigms do not share a common origin, with the effect in the continuous paradigm arising at the level of conceptual representations or in conceptual-to-lexical connections while the effect in the blocked cyclic paradigm most likely originates at a lexical level of representation. The implications of these findings for current accounts of long-lasting interference effects in spoken word production are discussed.

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Active maintenance of semantic representations

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Separability of active semantic and phonological maintenance in verbal working memory

Separability of active semantic and phonological maintenance in verbal working memory

The role of semantic representations in verbal working memory.

Long-lasting semantic interference effects in object naming are not necessarily conceptually mediated

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