Active magnetic sensing for subterranean urban target discrimination

Ezequelle, Wilson; Orfeo, Daniel; Burns, Dylan; Xia, Tian; Huston, Dryver R.

doi:10.1117/12.2561554

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[ 57 ] The magnetic field enhanced by superparamagnetic composite can be considered as the magnetic dipole, and this assumption is acceptable for simplifying the calculation. For a magnetic dipole, its magnetic field can be expressed as [ 58,59 ]

{\boldsymbol{B}}=\frac{{\mu }_{0}}{4{\rm{\pi }}}\left[{-}\frac{{\boldsymbol{M}}}{{R}^{{\bf{3}}}}+(3{\boldsymbol{M}}{\boldsymbol{\unicode{x0200A}}}{\cdot }{\unicode{x0200A}}{\boldsymbol{R}}{\boldsymbol{)}}\frac{{\boldsymbol{R}}}{{R}^{{\bf{5}}}}\right]{,}

where B represents the magnetic induction vector in the test point, μ 0 is the permeability of the vacuum, M represents the magnetic moment vector and R represents the radius vector from the point dipole to some point, R represents the magnitude of R . The magnetic moment vector of M also satisfies the following equation [ 60 ] :

{\boldsymbol{M}}={\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\cdot }\ {\boldsymbol{H}},

where H represents the magnetic field intensity, and the

{{\rm{\chi }}}_{{\rm{m}}}

represents the magnetic susceptibility of the superparamagnetic composite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnetic moment vector of M also satisfies the following equation [ 60 ] :

{\boldsymbol{M}}={\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\cdot }\ {\boldsymbol{H}},

where H represents the magnetic field intensity, and the

{{\rm{\chi }}}_{{\rm{m}}}

represents the magnetic susceptibility of the superparamagnetic composite. Equation () can be reduced to a commonly used simple representation, as shown in below equation [ 58 ]

{\boldsymbol{B}}{\approx }\frac{{\mu }_{{0}}}{{4}\pi }\ {\cdot }\ \frac{{\boldsymbol{M}}}{{R}^{3}}{=}\frac{{\mu }_{{0}}}{{4}\pi }\ {\cdot }\ \frac{{\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\boldsymbol{H}}}{{R}^{3}}{. }

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[57] The magnetic field enhanced by superparamagnetic composite can be considered as the magnetic dipole, and this assumption is acceptable for simplifying the calculation. For a magnetic dipole, its magnetic field can be expressed as [58,59]…”

Section: Static Monitoring the Position Of Sibfc Before/after Its Mig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where H represents the magnetic field intensity, and the χ m represents the magnetic susceptibility of the superparamagnetic composite. Equation ( 2) can be reduced to a commonly used simple representation, as shown in below equation [58]…”

Section: δBxcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nonradiographic strategy to real‐time monitor the position of three‐dimensional‐printed medical orthopedic implants by embedding superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ particles

Li,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Interdisciplinary Materials

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Monitoring the position of orthopedic implants in vivo is paramount for enhancing postoperative rehabilitation. Traditional radiographic methods, although effective, pose inconveniences to patients in terms of specialized equipment requirements and delays in rehabilitation adjustment. Here, a nonradiographic design concept for real‐time and precisely monitoring the position of in vivo orthopedic implants is presented. The monitoring system encompasses an external magnetic field, a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed superparamagnetic intervertebral body fusion cage (SIBFC), and a magnetometer. The SIBFC with a polyetheretherketone framework and a superparamagnetic Fe3O4 component was integrally fabricated by the high‐temperature selective laser sintering technology. Owing to the superparamagnetic component, the minor migration of SIBFC within the spine would cause the distribution change of the magnetic induction intensities, which can be monitored in real‐time by the magnetometer no matter in the static states or dynamic bending motions. Besides horizontal migration, occurrences of intervertebral subsidence in the vertical plane of the vertebrae can also be effectively distinguished based on the obtained characteristic variations of magnetic induction intensities. This strategy exemplifies the potential of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 particles in equipping 3D‐printed orthopedic implants with wireless monitoring capabilities, holding promise for aiding patients' rehabilitation.

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{\boldsymbol{B}}=\frac{{\mu }_{0}}{4{\rm{\pi }}}\left[{-}\frac{{\boldsymbol{M}}}{{R}^{{\bf{3}}}}+(3{\boldsymbol{M}}{\boldsymbol{\unicode{x0200A}}}{\cdot }{\unicode{x0200A}}{\boldsymbol{R}}{\boldsymbol{)}}\frac{{\boldsymbol{R}}}{{R}^{{\bf{5}}}}\right]{,}

{\boldsymbol{M}}={\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\cdot }\ {\boldsymbol{H}},

where H represents the magnetic field intensity, and the

{{\rm{\chi }}}_{{\rm{m}}}

represents the magnetic susceptibility of the superparamagnetic composite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnetic moment vector of M also satisfies the following equation [ 60 ] :

{\boldsymbol{M}}={\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\cdot }\ {\boldsymbol{H}},

where H represents the magnetic field intensity, and the

{{\rm{\chi }}}_{{\rm{m}}}

represents the magnetic susceptibility of the superparamagnetic composite. Equation () can be reduced to a commonly used simple representation, as shown in below equation [ 58 ]

{\boldsymbol{B}}{\approx }\frac{{\mu }_{{0}}}{{4}\pi }\ {\cdot }\ \frac{{\boldsymbol{M}}}{{R}^{3}}{=}\frac{{\mu }_{{0}}}{{4}\pi }\ {\cdot }\ \frac{{\chi }_{{\rm{m}}}{\boldsymbol{H}}}{{R}^{3}}{. }

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[57] The magnetic field enhanced by superparamagnetic composite can be considered as the magnetic dipole, and this assumption is acceptable for simplifying the calculation. For a magnetic dipole, its magnetic field can be expressed as [58,59]…”

Section: Static Monitoring the Position Of Sibfc Before/after Its Mig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: δBxcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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