Active Flow Control at Low Angles of Attack: Stingray Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Active Flow Control on a UCAV Planform Using Synthetic Jets

“…10a). This observation is different from the previous studies by Farnsworth et al [18] and Mahmood and Smith [20] who only demonstrated that the outboard activation was effective Note that the increment in L/D (ΔL/DCASE/ΔL/D#FA) is up to 59.3% and 69.6% in the cases of Groups 1 (#67) and 2 (#123), respectively. This shows that when the number of operating actuators is increased, that the leading edge exhibits higher and narrower suction, and consequently, the drag is further reduced.…”

“…6a, 6b). Similar results were reported by Farnsworth et al [18]. In their Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment, the thickening of the boundary layer through actuation increased the upper surface pressure of the outboard wing.…”

“…Nevertheless, most synthetic jet applications have focused on the control capability of UCAVs [16][17][18][19][20]. There have been only a few studies about local actuation effects that are directly related to energy efficiency.…”

“…There have been only a few studies about local actuation effects that are directly related to energy efficiency. Farnsworth et al [18] discussed the local actuation effect at low angles of attack, which showed that activating only two jets at the wing tips is similar to activating all jets embedded in the wing. However, these observations were only valid for low angles of attack.…”

Experimental Study of Flow Separation over NACA633018 Wing with Synthetic Jet Control at Low Reynolds Numbers

“…Synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) with piezoelectricdriven diaphragm have recently been applied to investigate the aerodynamic performance of aircraft [10][11][12][13]. Their experimental results also pointed out that multiple piezoelectric disks were placed on different positions on the surface of a specific wing and improved its aerodynamic performance.…”