Active fault detection and characterization by ultrashallow seismic imaging: A case study from the 2016 Mw 6.5 central Italy earthquake

Maraio, Stefano; Villani, Fabio; Bruno, Pier Paolo; Sapia, Vincenzo; Improta, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229733

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The identification and the study of seismogenic faults at the surface is crucial for seismic hazard assessment. Seismic exploration allows us to investigate fault geometries, fault slip rates, fault segmentation, and associated geological features [17,128,130,131]. Moreover, by analyzing the seismic data in conjunction with other geophysical and geological data sets, we can unravel the geometric and physical attributes of active fault zones, thereby yielding advantageous implications for the assessment of surface faulting hazards and comprehending the intricate interplay between faults and subsurface fluid dynamics (e.g., Maraio et al [17]).…”

Section: Active Fault Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismic exploration allows us to investigate fault geometries, fault slip rates, fault segmentation, and associated geological features [17,128,130,131]. Moreover, by analyzing the seismic data in conjunction with other geophysical and geological data sets, we can unravel the geometric and physical attributes of active fault zones, thereby yielding advantageous implications for the assessment of surface faulting hazards and comprehending the intricate interplay between faults and subsurface fluid dynamics (e.g., Maraio et al [17]). The case studies presented below aim to highlight the significance of seismic exploration methods in studying the near-surface features of seismogenic faults.…”

Section: Active Fault Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, historical and instrumental records of seismic activity may not provide a complete picture of the earthquake cycle, since in many areas, these records are typically much shorter than the recurrence times of the largest earthquakes [16]. To address this limitation, the integration of very-high resolution geophysical imaging methods and paleoseismological techniques have become critical tools in the identification of major seismogenic faults that have disrupted the uppermost few meters of the ground (see Maraio et al [17] and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Exploration Methods for Structural Studies and for Active Fault Characterization: A Review

Bruno

2023

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, seismic exploration methods are reviewed with a particular emphasis on the use of the reflection seismology to investigate the subsurface structures and characterize active faults. The paper provides a descriptive overview, intended for a non-specialist audience, of the methods and of their recent developments aimed at improving the resolution, accuracy, and computational efficiency of seismic imaging. Techniques such as seismic ray tomography, full-waveform inversion and pre-stack depth migration are briefly introduced, highlighting their potential applications in structural geology studies. The main seismic attributes that have become increasingly important in the interpretation of faults and fractures are also presented, along with some examples of application. Finally, some case studies of active fault characterization are discussed. From these examples, the crucial role played nowadays by the seismic exploration methods for structural studies and for active fault characterization is evident.

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Section: Active Fault Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Fault Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Exploration Methods for Structural Studies and for Active Fault Characterization: A Review

Bruno

2023

Applied Sciences

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High-resolution geophysical investigations in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy): Results from the Campo Felice tectonic basin

Villani,

Maraio,

Improta

et al. 2024

Tectonophysics

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Seismic Identification and Characterization of Deep Strike-Slip Faults in the Tarim Craton Basin

Tian,

Zheng,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Through hydrocarbon explorations, deep carbonate reservoirs within a craton were determined to be influenced by deep strike-slip faults, which exhibit small displacements and are challenging to identify. Previous research has established a correlation between seismic attributes and deep geological information, wherein large-scale faults can cause abrupt waveform discontinuities. However, due to the inherent limitations of seismic datasets, such as low signal-to-noise ratios and resolutions, accurately characterizing complex strike-slip faults remains difficult, resulting in increased uncertainties in fault characterization and reservoir prediction. In this study, we integrate advanced techniques such as principal component analysis and structure-oriented filtering with a fault-centric imaging approach to refine the resolution of seismic data from the Tarim craton. Our detailed evaluation encompassed 12 distinct seismic attributes, culminating in the creation of a sophisticated model for identifying strike-slip faults. This model incorporates select seismic attributes and leverages fusion algorithms like K-means, ellipsoid growth, and wavelet transformations. Through the technical approach introduced in this study, we have achieved multi-scale characterization of complex strike-slip faults with throws of less than 10 m. This workflow has the potential to be extended to other complex reservoirs governed by strike-slip faults in cratonic basins, thus offering valuable insights for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization in similar geological settings.

show abstract

Active fault detection and characterization by ultrashallow seismic imaging: A case study from the 2016 Mw 6.5 central Italy earthquake

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Seismic Exploration Methods for Structural Studies and for Active Fault Characterization: A Review

Seismic Exploration Methods for Structural Studies and for Active Fault Characterization: A Review

High-resolution geophysical investigations in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy): Results from the Campo Felice tectonic basin

Seismic Identification and Characterization of Deep Strike-Slip Faults in the Tarim Craton Basin

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