Active Depression is Associated with Regional Adiposity in the Upper Abdomen and the Neck

Ludescher, Burkhard; Machann, Juergen; Eschweiler, Gerhard W.; Thamer, Claus; Maenz, Constantin; Hipp, Arno; Claussen, Claus D.; Schick, Fritz

doi:10.2190/pm.41.3.f

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Inability to distinguish subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT, respectively) using measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference may explain some of the discrepancies. Previous studies have shown a significant positive association between depressive symptoms and VAT, but not SAT, particularly among women (Thakore et al, 1997; Everson-Rose et al, 2009; Ludescher et al, 2011; Murabito et al, 2013). Few studies have reported on the association between depressive symptoms and intra-abdominal fat (Kahl et al, 2005; Lee et al, 2005; Weber-Hamann et al, 2006; Vogelzangs et al, 2008; Everson-Rose et al, 2009; Greggersen et al, 2011; Murabito et al, 2013), although a positive bidirectional relationship has been suggested among an elderly population (Vogelzangs et al, 2008, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Difference by sex but not by race/ethnicity in the visceral adipose tissue-depressive symptoms association: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Remigio-Baker

Allison

Schreiner

et al. 2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Summary Background Prior studies have investigated the association of clinical depression and depressive symptoms with body weight (i.e. body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference), but few have examined the association between depressive symptoms and intra-abdominal fat. Of these a limited number assessed the relationship in a multi-racial/ethnic population. Methods Using data on 1017 men and women (45–84 years) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Body Composition, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Study, we examined the cross-sectional association between elevated depressive symptoms (EDS) and CT-measured visceral fat mass at L2–L5 with multivariable linear regression models. EDS were defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score ≥16 and/or anti-depressant use. Covariates included socio-demographics, inflammatory markers, health behaviors, comorbidities, and body mass index (BMI). Race/ethnicity (Whites [referent group], Chinese, Blacks and Hispanics) and sex were also assessed as potential modifiers. Results The association between depressive symptoms and visceral fat differed significantly by sex (p = 0.007), but not by race/ethnicity. Among men, compared to participants without EDS, those with EDS had greater visceral adiposity adjusted for BMI and age (difference = 122.5 cm2, 95% CI = 34.3, 210.7, p = 0.007). Estimates were attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment by socio-demographics, inflammatory markers, health behaviors and co-morbidities (difference = 94.7 cm2, 95% CI = 10.5, 178.9, p = 0.028). Among women, EDS was not significantly related to visceral adiposity in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Sex, but not race/ethnicity, was found to modify the relationship between EDS and visceral fat mass. Among men, a significant positive association was found between depressive symptoms and visceral adiposity. No significant relationship was found among women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Difference by sex but not by race/ethnicity in the visceral adipose tissue-depressive symptoms association: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Remigio-Baker

Allison

Schreiner

et al. 2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…Recently, a few studies have demonstrated that depressive symptoms may be an important predictor of abdominal obesity [10,16]. The most acceptable hypothesis for this relationship involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in overweight and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome

Guedes

Madeira

Mafort

et al. 2013

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background: Several studies point to a correlation between obesity and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adults, but there are still some controversial points about this association. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between body composition and the severity of anxiety/depressive symptoms in overweight and obese individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Methods: Fifty patients, 18-50 years old, overweight or obese and with the diagnosis of MS based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were selected for this study. Body composition was evaluated using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-Depression) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Anxiety symptoms were evaluated using HADS-Anxiety. Results: No correlation was found between depressive symptoms (HADS-Depression or BDI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (r = 0.01; p = 0.94 and r = −0.12, p = 0.38; respectively), Waist Circumference (WC) (r = −0.06, p = 0.67 and r = −0.22, p = 0.12; respectively), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) (r = −0.12, p = 0.40 and r = −0.17, p = 0.23; respectively). Additionally, no correlation was found among anxiety symptoms (HADS-Anxiety) and BMI (r = −0.15, p = 0.27), and WHR (r = −0.17, p = 0.24). In contrast, a significant correlation was found between percentage of total fat (DXA) and HADS-Depression (r = 0.34, p = 0.019) and HADS-Anxiety (r = 0.30, p = 0.039). Additionally, an inverse and strong correlation was found between lean mass (in grams) and HADS-Depression (r = −0.42, p = 0.004), HADS anxiety (r = −0.57, p < 0.0001), and BDI (r = −0.44, p = 0.026). Conclusions: In individuals with MS, the percentage of body fat, and not central fat, BMI, WC, or WHR, was associated with an increased severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. In contrast, total lean mass was strongly associated with fewer anxiety/depressive symptoms, suggesting that body composition might be related to psychiatric comorbidity in overweight individuals with MS.

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“…In most reports, central adiposity, whether directly quantified as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), 1, 3, 6–9, 11, 15, 16 or indirectly estimated as a waist-to-hip ratio, 4, 5, 8, 10, 17, 18 accounted for much or all of the relationship between excessive weight and depressive morbidity. Some reports also found that the relationship between VAT and depressive illness was restricted to, or more robust in, overweight/obese individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Distribution and Major Depressive Disorder in Late Adolescence

Coryell

Butcher²,

Burns³

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Objective Substantial evidence exists to indicate bidirectional relationships between obesity and depressive disorders and the importance of fat distribution to this relationship. This analysis used a well-characterized sample of individuals in late adolescence to determine the association between depressive illness and fat distribution. Method Medically healthy, 15 to 20 year-olds, one-half of whom had recently begun treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor underwent a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that resulted in diagnostic classification and weekly psychiatric disorder ratings over the prior 4 months, using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation. A whole body scan, using dual x-ray absorptiometry, allowed estimatiions of total body less head (TBLH), total mass, fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT). Assessments occurred between September 2010 and April 2014. linear regression analyses, adjusted for relevant covariates, examined the association between DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder (MDD) and VAT. These procedures also determined whether significant associations were confined to overweight/obese participants. Results The analysis included data from 200 participants (71% females, mean age: 19.0±1.6 years), of whom 128 had current MDD. The presence of MDD was associated with increased fat mass among overweight/obese (Cohen’s d=0.79, p<0.002), but not normal weight, participants. This was true of both visceral and non-visceral fat mass measures. Accounting for the presence of generalized anxiety disorder did not alter the findings. Conclusion In adolescents, relationships between central adiposity and MDD may be confined to those who are overweight/obese. Despite the high co-morbidity of GAD and depressive disorders, only the latter appeared to be significantly associated with central adiposity.

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Active Depression is Associated with Regional Adiposity in the Upper Abdomen and the Neck

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Difference by sex but not by race/ethnicity in the visceral adipose tissue-depressive symptoms association: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Difference by sex but not by race/ethnicity in the visceral adipose tissue-depressive symptoms association: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in overweight and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome

Fat Distribution and Major Depressive Disorder in Late Adolescence

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