Active defense under oxidative stress. The antioxidant responsive element

Lyakhovich, V. V.; Вавилин, В. А.; Зенков, Н. К.; Menshchikova, E. B.

doi:10.1134/s0006297906090033

Cited by 106 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Insects utilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) as cytotoxic agents against pathogens, however ROS can cause oxidative stress to both the fungal pathogen and host, leading to DNA and protein damage [35]. The host’s cells can protect themselves against these fluctuations by producing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [36,37]. Enhanced activity of esterases has been observed in the fat body and hemolymph of Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Locusta migratoria infected with M. anisopliae [38,39] These enzymes play an important role in host protection against pathogens, where increased activity of these enzymes results in the degradation of toxic molecules produced during EPF infection [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly specific host-pathogen interactions influence Metarhizium brunneum blastospore virulence against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

et al. 2018

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Entomopathogenic fungi are potential biological control agents of mosquitoes. Our group observed that not all mosquitoes were equally susceptible to fungal infection and observed significant differences in virulence of different spore types. Conidiospores and blastospores were tested against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Blastospores are normally considered more virulent than conidia as they form germ tubes and penetrate the host integument more rapidly than conidia. However, when tested against Cx. quinquefasciatus, blastospores were less virulent than conidia. This host-fungus interaction was studied by optical, electron and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, host immune responses and specific gene expression were investigated. Metarhizium brunneum (formerly M. anisopliae) ARSEF 4556 blastospores did not readily adhere to Culex larval integument and the main route of infection was through the gut. Adhesion forces between blastospores and Culex cuticle were significantly lower than for other insects. Larvae challenged with blastospores showed enhanced immune responses, with increased levels of phenoloxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, esterase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidase activity. Interestingly, M. brunneum pathogenicity/stress-related genes were all down-regulated in blastospores exposed to Culex. Conversely, when conidia were exposed to Culex, the pathogenicity genes involved in adhesion or cuticle degradation were up-regulated. Delayed host mortality following blastospore infection of Culex was probably due to lower adhesion rates of blastospores to the cuticle and enhanced host immune responses deployed to counter infection. The results here show that subtle differences in host-pathogen interactions can be responsible for significant changes in virulence when comparing mosquito species, having important consequences for biological control strategies and the understanding of pathogenicity processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly specific host-pathogen interactions influence Metarhizium brunneum blastospore virulence against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore we tested for DNA-binding activities of transcription factors that are reportedly activated by ROS, and bind to consensus sequences of ARE, NF-jB and AP-1 [23][24][25]. ARE activity raised rapidly and transiently in N2a and PC-12 after addition of MiliA, reaching its peak after 1 h (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among others, ROS activate diverse transcription factors such as AP-1, antioxidant responsive element (ARE) and NF-jB [23][24][25]. AP-1 describes a group of related members of the Jun/Fos family and is involved in various cellular processes depending on the composition of AP-1 dimers and on the cell type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promotion of cell death or neurite outgrowth in PC-12 and N2a cells by the fungal alkaloid militarinone A depends on basal expression of p53

et al. 2008

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The fungal alkaloid militarinone A (MiliA) was recently found to stimulate neuronal outgrowth in PC-12 cells by persistant activation of pathways that are also involved in NGF-mediated differentiation, namely the PI3-K/PKB and the MEK/ERK pathways. Application of equal concentrations of MiliA to other cells such as the murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a resulted in immediate onset of apoptosis by nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), activation of caspases and c-Jun/AP-1 transcription factor without an intermediate differentiated phenotype, although minor transient phosphorylation of PKB and MAPK as well as activation of NF-jB were also observed. Translocation of AIF was preceded by p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and blocked by pifithrin a, a known inhibitor of p53-transcriptional activity. We here show that both cell types activate the same pathways albeit in different time scales. This is mainly due to contrasting basal expression levels of p53, which in turn regulates expression of AIF. In PC-12 cells, continuous activation of these pathways after prolonged treatment with 40 lM MiliA first led to up-regulation of p53, phosphorylation of p53, release of AIF from mitochondria and its translocation into the nucleus. Additionally, also activation of the c-Jun/ AP-1 transcription factor was observed, and PC-12 cells subsequently underwent apoptosis 48-72 h post-treatment. We report that similar pathways working on different levels are able to initially shape very divergent cellular responses.

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“…Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mecha-nism of cellular injury in both plants and animals and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues (Esterbauer et al, 1991). Lyakhovich et al (2006) opined that various antioxidants that were present in the insect may decrease the level of lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Metarhiziummentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced oxidative stress by Metarhizium anisopliae spp. instigates changes in lipid peroxidation and ultra structure in Periplaneta Americana

Mutyala¹,

Padmaja²

2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Consequent to injection of conidia at LC30, LC50 and LC90 doses of the entomopathogenic fungal isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.), alterations in lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes were observed in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). A decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation was evident in the treated cockroaches compared to those of control. Present investigation reports the effects of fungal infection on the midgut ultrastructure of the adult cockroaches which was manifested in the form of damage to the microvilli, epithelial cell vacuolization, necrosis and disruption of the epithelial cell membrane which occurred with increase in the time interval post treatment with conidia from high virulent isolate (M20) at LC50 dosage. Our study reveals for the first time that fungal infection instigates oxidative stress in the cockroach and that the villi of the midgut are also the target organs for the oxidative damage.

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Active defense under oxidative stress. The antioxidant responsive element

Cited by 106 publications

References 110 publications

Highly specific host-pathogen interactions influence Metarhizium brunneum blastospore virulence against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

Highly specific host-pathogen interactions influence Metarhizium brunneum blastospore virulence against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

Promotion of cell death or neurite outgrowth in PC-12 and N2a cells by the fungal alkaloid militarinone A depends on basal expression of p53

Induced oxidative stress by Metarhizium anisopliae spp. instigates changes in lipid peroxidation and ultra structure in Periplaneta Americana

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