Active components ofSargassum tortile effecting the settlement of swimming larvae ofCoryne Uchidai

Kato, Toshiyuki; Kumanireng, A. S.; Ichinose, Isao; Kitahara, Yoshiro; Kakinuma, Yoshiko; Nishihira, Moritaka; Kato, Masahiro

doi:10.1007/bf02026361

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…A substrate-specific settlement and metamorphosis is found in the larvae of the hydrozoon Coryne uchidai; they only metamorphose on thalti of the alga Sargassum tortile. The inductive substance was isolated and shown to be 6-tocotrienol (Nishihira, 1966;Kato et al, 1975). The participation of bacteria has not yet been excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of stolon settlement in the scyphopolyps ofAurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) by glycolipids of marine bacteria

Schmahl

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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The settlement of pedal stolons of scyphopolyps of Aurelia aurita Lamarck could be induced by addition of a species of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae. After treatment of the bacteria with several organic solvents a crude lipid extract free of bacteria could be obtained which was shown to be effective in inducing stolon settlement. Crude lipids extracted from the late logarithmic growth phase had an optimal effect on stolon attachment, in contrast to previously published experiments showing that all logarithmic phases of bacteria had the same level of effectiveness. After separation of the crude lipid extracts by thin layer chromatography and subsequent bioassay of the reeluated substances, acylgalactosidyldiglyceride and monogalactosidyldiglyceride were identified as the effective substances. Monogalactosidyldiglyceride was only found in bacteria from the medium logarithmic growth phase, whereas the former was found at all stages. The effectiveness of acylgalactosidyldiglyceride was independent of the growth phase of the extracted bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of stolon settlement in the scyphopolyps ofAurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) by glycolipids of marine bacteria

Schmahl

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…Urochordamine A, a compound found in a lipophilic extract of the tunic of the tunicate Ciona savignyi, induced metamorphosis of its larvae in laboratory experiments (Tsukamoto et al 1993). Diterpenoid chromanols extracted from brown algae of the family Sargassaceae were shown to effect metamorphosis of the hydroid Coryne uchidai (Kato et al 1975). Bonellin, an alkylated chlorin isolated from the female proboscis of the echiurid Bonellia viridis, induced masculinisation of larvae of the same species (Pelter et al 1978, Jaccarini et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proline-rich peptide originating from decomposing mangrove leaves is one natural metamorphic cue of the tropical jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana

Fleck¹,

Fitt²,

Hahn³

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A proline-rich peptide originating from decomposing mangrove leaves is one natural metamorphic cue of the tropical jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana 'Lehrstuhl fiir Spezielle Zoologie, Ruhr-Universitit. D-44780 Bochum. Germany 'Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens. Georgia 30602-2602. USA 3Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens. Georgia 30602-4712, USA ABSTRACT: Planula larvae of the scyphozoan Cassiopea xamachana settle and n~etamorphose on degrading mangrove leaves of Rhizophora mangle that lie submerged In shallow water mangrove ecosystems. Our prior study (Fleck & Fitt 1999; J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 234:83-94) indicated that marine bacteria are involved in the release of at least 1 peptidic compound from such leaves. The goal of our present study was to isolate and purify at least 1 natural peptidic cue originating from deteriorating leaves by means of ultrafiltration, gel filtration and reversed phase HPLC and subsequently obtain characteristic data of this cue. The ultrafiltrate (110 kD) of the homogenate of decaying mangrove leaves was subjected to gel filtration on a Sephadex G 25 column, resulting in 3 fractions which were tested for their capacity to induce metamorphosis of planula larvae in bioassays performed in the laboratory. Fraction I ( 2 5 kD) was most effective in inducing metamorphosis of 75 % of planulae at 1 mg freeze-dried material ml-' seawater within 24 h. Fractions I1 and I11 (both 25 kD) resulted In metamorphosis of only 1 % of larvae or less within 72 h when applied at 5 mg rnl-' Isochratic HPLC separation of Fraction I with 24 % methanol yielded 2 biologically active fractions. One fraction (A/B), which induced 41 % of the larvae to metamorphose at 0.9 mg lyophilized material ml-' seawater within 24 h, consisted of a mixture of at least 2 subfractions and was not further analyzed. The other fraction (C) effected metamorphosis of 85 % of larvae at a concentration of 0.5 mg rnl-' within 24 h. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of this fraction revealed a molecular weight of approximately 5.8 kD. Automated amino acid analysis showed that Fraction C was rich in proline (ca 44%) and glycine residues (ca 16%), corresponding to characteristic proline-rich cell wall proteins of plants. Automated sequencing of the natural inducer failed due to a blocked amino terminus. The results of our present study suggest that metamorphic inducers for C. xamachana may emerge nonspecifically as a byproduct of bacterial degradation of deteriorating, proteinaceous plant tissue in their habitat.

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“…light, temperature, and water flow, but chemical substances that are mainly derived from conspecific adults (those of the same species) or prey organisms are believed to have particularly important roles in induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis [1]. Although many attempts have been made to identify such chemical substances for various marine sessile organisms, only a few are known to date; d-tocopherol epoxides from the brown alga Sargassum tortile for the hydroid Coryne uchidai [2,3] and a settlementinducing protein complex for the barnacle Balanus amphitrite [4]. Perhaps this is due to difficulties in culturing synchronous competent larvae as well as the low endogenous levels of chemical substances.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lumichrome

Tsukamoto¹,

Kato²,

Harada³

et al. 1999

European Journal of Biochemistry

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It has long been known that metamorphosis of ascidian larvae is induced by exposure to adult tunic extract or larval-conditioned seawater. However, such a natural`inducer' has not been identified, probably due to its very low concentration in organisms. Here we have succeeded in isolating the same metamorphosis-inducing substance from the larvae, the larval-conditioned seawater, and the adult tunic of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Structural analysis revealed that this substance was identical to lumichrome. Lumichrome was active toward H. roretzi larvae, but inactive toward another ascidian larvae, suggesting that lumichrome is species-specific. Riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ), from which lumichrome might be derived from, was found to be inactive in induction of larval metamorphosis. In addition, it was demonstrated that lumichrome is localized predominantly in the basal region of the adhesive organ and the posterior part of the larval trunk. Thus, we propose that lumichrome functions as a natural inducer for larval metamorphosis in H. roretzi. This is the first natural metamorphosisinducing substance to be identified in ascidians.Keywords: larva; lumichrome; metamorphosis; ascidian.Most sessile organisms, e.g. ascidians, sponges, corals, bryozoans, barnacles, and mussels, have a planktonic larval phase in their life cycles, lasting from minutes to months, following which they then settle and metamorphose into their adult forms. The selection of settlement sites is a critical event for these organisms because settling on unsuitable places affects their survival severely. Larval settlement and the successive metamorphosis are thought to be influenced by a variety of environmental factors, e.g. light, temperature, and water flow, but chemical substances that are mainly derived from conspecific adults (those of the same species) or prey organisms are believed to have particularly important roles in induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis [1]. Although many attempts have been made to identify such chemical substances for various marine sessile organisms, only a few are known to date; d-tocopherol epoxides from the brown alga Sargassum tortile for the hydroid Coryne uchidai [2,3] and a settlementinducing protein complex for the barnacle Balanus amphitrite [4]. Perhaps this is due to difficulties in culturing synchronous competent larvae as well as the low endogenous levels of chemical substances.Ascidians produce tadpole larvae, whose settlement is initiated by attachment to substrata with their papillae followed by metamorphosis into juveniles [5]. Metamorphosis is associated with tail resorption which has been reported to be induced by a variety of factors including copper ion [6], calcium ion, some amino acids, iodine [7], dimethylsulfoxide, acetylcholine, dicapryloylglycerol, ammonium ion [8], and vital dyes [9]. These divergent reagents coincidently accelerated the onset of larval metamorphosis in the same manner, but apparently they are unnatural metamorphosis-inducers for larvae. Many ascidians live gre...

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Active components ofSargassum tortile effecting the settlement of swimming larvae ofCoryne Uchidai

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Induction of stolon settlement in the scyphopolyps ofAurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) by glycolipids of marine bacteria

Induction of stolon settlement in the scyphopolyps ofAurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) by glycolipids of marine bacteria

A proline-rich peptide originating from decomposing mangrove leaves is one natural metamorphic cue of the tropical jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana

Lumichrome

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