Active components from Radix Scrophulariae inhibits the ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension in rats

Abstract

BackgroundIn the previous study, active extract of Radix Scrophularia (ACRS) demonstrated beneficial effects on ventricular remodeling induced by coronary artery ligation and lowered blood pressure in rats. And ACRS also exhibited the effect on lowering the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ACRS on ventricular remodeling in SHRs and underlying mechanisms.ResultsACRS significantly lowered the blood pressure, decreased the heart mass indexes, inhibited the deposition of perivascular and interstitial, attenuated the accumulation of types I and III collagen, reduced the tissue angiotensin II, serum norepinephrine and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations. The underlying mechanisms may be related to downregulating the mRNA expressions of collagen type I, transforming growth factor-β1 and angiotensin converting enzyme, suppressing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK).ConclusionContinuous treatment of SHRs with ACRS for 21 weeks reduced blood pressure, myocardial hypertrophy and the amount of interstitial and perivascular collagen, which indicated that ACRS could prevent hypertensive ventricular remodeling. This can be attributed to suppression of the sympathetic nervous and renin angiotensin aldosterone system through the inhibition of ERK 1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK pathways.

Interleukin‐10 negatively modulates extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 in aorta from hypertensive mouse induced by angiotensin II infusion

“…Ang II activates ERK 1/2 through the AT1 receptor, which stimulates components from the MAP kinase pathway . When activated, the ERK 1/2 pathway regulates various processes in the vasculature, including contraction, cell cycle progression, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and increased cell transcription .…”

Zi Shen Huo Luo Formula Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by Interfering With Aldosterone Breakthrough and Affecting Caveolin-1/Mineralocorticoid Receptor Colocalization and Downstream Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling

“…ZSHLF, a traditional Chinese compound formulated according to clinical experience, has been used clinically to treat hypertensive LVH for more than 10 years. Much evidence suggests that ZSHLF has many biological properties, including antihypertensive properties; for example, it improves hemorheology and cardiac function, and reverses LVH (Liu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2019;Mousavi et al, 2019;Yang and Lao, 2019).…”

Mechanism of herbal medicine on hypertensive nephropathy (Review)

“…It has been reported that 25-O-methylalisol F, the main component of Alisma , protects EMT of rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cell lines through this pathway ( 57 ). The therapeutic effect of Radix Scrophulariae on SHR can be attributed to the suppression of the RAS through the inhibition of the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK pathways ( 58 ). Xin-Ji-Er-Kang can inhibit oxidative stress by affecting the RAS, and can improve renal injury after myocardial infarction in rats ( 59 ).…”

“…Chrysanthemum plays a role in decreasing blood pressure by inhibiting the sympathetic nerve ( 50 ). Radix scrophulariae , by inhibiting sympathetic excitement, suppresses SHR, and ventricular remodeling occurs ( 58 ). Astragaloside IV can decrease norepinephrine levels in the blood of high-fat diet-induced obese rats and in kidney tissues, which indirectly demonstrates that Astragaloside IV has the effect of inhibiting sympathetic nerves ( 71 ).…”