Active components, derived from Kai-xin-san, a herbal formula, increase the expressions of neurotrophic factor NGF and BDNF on mouse astrocyte primary cultures via cAMP-dependent signaling pathway

Cao, Cheng; Xiao, Junyuan; Liu, Mengqiu; Ge, Zi-Shuo; Ren-jie, Huang; Qi, Mingzhu; Zhu, Hongliang; Zhu, Yue; Duan, Jin‐Ao

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.007

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The TCM theory "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" serves as the guide for physicians when formulating herbal prescriptions. Among the herbs in KXS, RS and FL serve as the "Jun" and "Chen" herbs to treat the major symptoms and signs of AD, while YZ and SCP act as the "Zuo" and "Shi" herbs for improving the therapeutic effects of the "Jun" and "Chen" herbs and guiding the herbs to the disease targets (Cao et al, 2018a). Herein, we investigated the distribution of AD-relevant targets among the four herbs (18 from RS, 9 from FL, 16 from SCP, 15 from YZ) via a Venn analysis (Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Synergetic Actions Of Kxs Against Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a widely used TCM formula initially recorded in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang for treating dementia and depression in China since the Tang Dynasty. It is comprised of four herbs: Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (RENSHEN, RS), Polygala tenuifolia Willd (YUANZHI, YZ), Acorus tatarinowii (SHICHANGPU, SCP), and Poria (FULING, FL) (Cao et al, 2018a). Previous studies of KXS mainly focused on the mechanism of a single target-oriented pathway or neurotransmitter regulation, which cannot comprehensively illuminate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action (MOA) of KXS for AD treatment (Lu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2018a;Gao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Kai-Xin-San in Alzheimer’s Disease

Luo

Liao

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction. Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has been used to treat AD patients for over a thousand years in China. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of KXS for treating AD have not been fully explored. Herein, we used a comprehensive network pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism of action of KXS in the treatment of AD. This approach consists of construction of multiple networks and Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analyses. Furthermore, animal experiments were performed to validate the predicted molecular mechanisms obtained from the systems pharmacology-based analysis. As a result, 50 chemicals in KXS and 39 AD-associated proteins were identified as major active compounds and targets, respectively. The therapeutic mechanisms of KXS in treating AD were primarily related to the regulation of four pathology modules, including amyloid beta metabolism, tau protein hyperphosphorylation process, cholinergic dysfunction, and inflammation. In scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction mice, we validated the anti-inflammatory effects of KXS on AD by determining the levels of inflammation cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. We also found cholinergic system dysfunction amelioration of KXS is correlated with upregulation of the cholinergic receptor CHRNB2. In conclusion, our work proposes a comprehensive systems pharmacology approach to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism of KXS for the treatment of AD.

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Section: Analysis Of the Synergetic Actions Of Kxs Against Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Kai-Xin-San in Alzheimer’s Disease

Luo

Liao

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…(GR), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PO), and Acorus tatarinowii Schott (AT) [20]. Recent researches of KXS were mainly focused on component identification or mechanism exploration, and most pathological studies were related to single pathway neurotransmitter regulation, which could not completely explain the therapeutic mechanism of KXS and the synergistic effects among the four single herbs [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Multitarget Synergistic Effects of Kai-Xin-San against Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Systems Biology

Guo

Wang

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a classical Chinese traditional prescription, was widely applied in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while its functional mechanisms still remain unclear. By using systems biology approaches at animal, cellular, and molecular levels, the improvement of KXS on cognitive impairment was achieved by inhibiting abnormal acetylcholinesterase. The function on the nerve skeleton was performed by regulating the Tau phosphorylation pathway. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by modulating the aberrant upregulation of ROS, proinflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related proteins in the brain were studied to reveal the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of KXS. Then, formula dismantling in vitro indicated that ginseng was the principal herb, whereas three other herbs served adjuvant roles to achieve the best effect. After that, the in vivo analysis of components into plasma and brain of AD rats showed that 8 of 23 components in blood and 4 of 10 components in brain were from ginseng, respectively, further verifying the principal status of ginseng and the synergistic effects of the formula. Thus, the anti-AD effects of KXS were achieved by multitargets and multichannels. The systems biology approaches presented here provide a novel way in traditional herbal medicine research.

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“…108 It is possible that Rg3 could be used to treat these disorders based on the regulation of BDNF expression, which needs to be further studied. 61 Increases the protein levels of BDNF, NGF and GDNF, as well as the mRNA expressions of Trk receptors [92][93][94] Promotes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis 92,95 Influences the inflammatory processes via reduction of COX-2, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α levels and increase of IL-10, IFN-γ levels 97 SYG GTS, PTG GTS, PTG Modulates the levels of 5-HT, DA, NE and ACh 99 XD Bupleurum, Scutellaria, Panax ginseng, Pinellia, Ginger, Glycyrrhiza, Jujube…”

Section: Effec Ts Of Pana X G In S Eng On Other Cn S D Is E a S E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant

et al. 2019

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Objectives Panax ginseng, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Materials and Methods In this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae. Results The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti‐inflammatory action. Conclusions Therefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.

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Active components, derived from Kai-xin-san, a herbal formula, increase the expressions of neurotrophic factor NGF and BDNF on mouse astrocyte primary cultures via cAMP-dependent signaling pathway

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Kai-Xin-San in Alzheimer’s Disease

Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Kai-Xin-San in Alzheimer’s Disease

Study on the Multitarget Synergistic Effects of Kai-Xin-San against Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Systems Biology

Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant

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