Active Case Detection and Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis and Malaria in Pupils of Kotto Barombi, Southwest Cameroon using the CyScope® Fluorescence Microscope

Kimbi, Helen Kuokuo; Wepnje, Godlove Bunda; Anchang-Kimbi, Judith Kuoh; Tonga, Calvin; Bate, Ayukenchengamba; Njabi, Conica; Nono, Larissa Kouodjip; Nyabeyeu, Hervé Nyabeyeu; Lehman, Léopold Gustave

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2015/17109

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…More details on the study area were already published with baseline data of this study by Ebai et al [ 20 ]. Earlier studies by Ntonifor et al [ 14 ] and Kimbi et al [ 16 ] carried out in localities near this study area have shown that only S. haematobium is present in the area. Mass distribution of praziquantel by the Ministry of Health in Cameroon is done in schools.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is reportedly prevalent in Cameroon [ 12 – 16 ], and its main control measure has been mass distribution of PZQ to school children since 2004. Unfortunately, there have been reports about the increasing problem of reduced efficacy of the drug in some countries [ 17 ] such as Zimbabwe [ 18 ], Egypt [ 19 ] and Cameroon [ 10 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there have been reports about the increasing problem of reduced efficacy of the drug in some countries [ 17 ] such as Zimbabwe [ 18 ], Egypt [ 19 ] and Cameroon [ 10 , 15 ]. However, there has been no assessment of its efficacy in many foci in the Southwest Region of Cameroon including the Ikata-Likoko area in the Mount Cameroon Region where the disease is prevalent [ 14 , 16 ]. Against this background, this study was carried out to assess the efficacy and safety of PZQ in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and safety of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis remains a parasitic infection of public health importance especially in Africa south of the Sahara including Cameroon. Chemotherapy using praziquantel has been the most effective and widespread control measure used. However, there are reports of reduced efficacy of the drug. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium among infected individuals in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon. Following a baseline study, S. haematobium egg load was determined using the urine filtration technique and microscopy. Participants were treated with a unique dose of praziquantel of 40 mg/Kg body weight. A control test was carried out on the 42nd day post-treatment to determine the proportion of positive participants with viable eggs (cure rate) and the egg loads. The egg loads obtained during the control and at baseline were used to calculate the egg reduction rate (ERR) used as the main indicator of praziquantel efficacy according to the WHO, 2013 protocol.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of S. haematobium was 34.3% (177/516). Out of these a total of 174 participants aged between 4 and 76 years were recruited into the study. A total of 130 participants came for follow up on day 42. Among them, 22.3% (29) were positive for eggs of S. haematobium but none of the eggs were viable giving a cure rate of 100%. The overall mean egg load per 10 mL (MEL/10 mL) of urine reduced from 31 (1–400) at baseline to 6.0 (1–35) on day 42. The overall ERR was reduced (80.3%). However, the efficacy was satisfactory (ERR ≥ 90%) in females, children ˂ 5 years, and some localities and for individuals with heavy infection intensity. Fifteen (8.6%) of the participants presented minor adverse events including abdominal disorders, headache and vomiting but did not last for more than 24 h.ConclusionsTreatment with praziquantel was efficacious and safe showing reduction in prevalence as well as mean egg load in some individuals with few adverse events recorded. The distribution of praziquantel in the area should be extended to other age groups and not just school-age children. A study with multiple drug doses and longer period of evaluation could reveal more information on praziquantel efficacy in the area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and safety of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon

et al. 2017

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“…The recorded prevalence in the study area can be classified as low-risk based on [21] WHO guidelines (2006). However, the persistence of schistosomiasis infection (48.5%) was reported by Kimbi [22] in Pupils of Kotto Barombi, Southwest Cameroon. The decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis could be attributed to an annual distribution of praziquantel to school-aged children in schistosomiasis in highly endemic Health Districts in Cameroon since 2007 by the National Control Program for the Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis (NCPS/STH).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Update on Schistosomiasis: Prevalence, Intensity of Infection and Risk Factors among School-Aged Children in Njombe, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Nzenou

Tientche

Asaah

et al. 2020

IJTDH

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Aims: The study aimed to assess an update of the burden of schistosomiasis among primary school children. Study Design: The study was a school-based cross-sectional study carried out among children aged between 4 to 15 years old. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Njombé, Littoral Region, Cameroon from March to April 2017. Methodology: Urine and stool samples were collected were collected from 412 school-aged children and examined using the urine filtration method and the Kato-Katz technique respectively. A questionnaire was administered to assess their water related activities. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Logistic regression and odds ratio was used to measure association and strength between variables respectively. P-value < .05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 9.7%, with 7,8% and 1,9% of school children infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.7% co-infection with both species. The intensities of S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection were 2.1 eggs per 10 mL of urine, 94 eggs per gram of stool respectively. The multiple regression analysis revealed that itching after bathing in backwater (Odds ratio (OR)= 2.427, confidence interval (CI): 1.080 - 5454, P=.03). And school children attending EPB Alpha (OR= 2.024), CI: 1.203 – 4.804, P=.011). were predictors of schistosomiasis infection. However, significant association was found between schistosomiasis and playing in the stream and the presence of the river and back water in the vicinity of schools. Conclusion: There was a drastic decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection in school children in Njombé compared to previous reports. The decrease is attributed to the bi-annual deworming campaign by the Public Health Authorities.

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“…In the South West Region of Cameroon, records of urogenital schistosomiasis are mostly from rural areas [7,[19][20][21][22]. An unmapped transmission focus has been reported in peri-urban communities in the THD [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Factors Associated With Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Tiko Health District, A Semi-urban Setting, South West Region, Cameroon

Green

Anchang-Kimbi

Wepnje

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Increased risk of schistosomiasis in peri-urban and urban towns is not uncommon. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the Tiko Health District (THD), an unmapped transmission focus for urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), to assess the distribution, intensity and risk factors associated with the occurrence of UGS in the District. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 1029 individuals were enrolled from twelve communities purposively selected from four health areas (Likomba, Holforth, Holforth-Likomba and Mutengene) between June and August 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic and water contact behaviour. Urine samples were examined for S. haematobium infection using test strip, filtration and microscopy methods. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of infection. Results: The overall prevalence of UGS in the Likomba, Holforth-Likomba and Holforth was 31.5% (95% CI: 28.3 – 34.8). Schistosoma haematobium infection was not found in Mutengene HA. Infection was unevenly distributed among the HAs, Holforth-Likomba and Holforth being the most and least affected, respectively. The prevalence of infection varied (p < 0.001) among the affected communities, ranging from 0 – 56.9%. Infection status of the community related positively (p < 0.001) with proximity to stream (< 100m), the degree of contact (II) with water and number of improved water sources. Younger age group (5 – 14 years) (aOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.1 – 12.0) and intense water contact (Degree II) (aOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 3.4 – 8.1) were associated with increased risk of infection as well as higher worm egg load excretion. Conclusion: Generally, THD is a moderate risk endemic focus for UGS but prevalence higher than 50% was observed in some communities. These findings warrant immediate mass chemotherapy with praziquantel to reduce morbidity. Provision of portable water and health education are proposed measures to reduce and eventually eliminate transmission in the area.

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Active Case Detection and Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis and Malaria in Pupils of Kotto Barombi, Southwest Cameroon using the CyScope® Fluorescence Microscope

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in the Ikata-Likoko area of southwest Cameroon

An Update on Schistosomiasis: Prevalence, Intensity of Infection and Risk Factors among School-Aged Children in Njombe, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Distribution and Factors Associated With Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Tiko Health District, A Semi-urban Setting, South West Region, Cameroon

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