Active and Passive Optical Fiber Metrology for Detonation Velocity Measurements

Quaresma, Joana; Deimling, L.; Campos, J.; Mendes, R.

doi:10.1002/prep.201900197

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Detonation velocity is one of the key parameters in theorical calculations [ 11 ]. Several techniques have been developed for detonation-velocity measurement in the laboratory, such as the high-speed photograph [ 10 ], electric probe, optical fiber [ 11 ], etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Lead azide (LA) is a commonly used primary explosive, the detonation growth of which is difficult to study because it is so sensitive and usually has a small charge size in applications. We used photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and calibrated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) gauges to reveal the detonation growth in LA, which was pressed in the confinements with controlled heights. The particle-velocity profiles, output pressure, unsteady detonation velocity, reaction time, and reaction-zone width were obtained and analyzed. Three phases of detonation propagation of LA microcharges are discussed. The volume reactions occur at the beginning of detonation in LA microcharges without forming complete shock profiles. Then the shock front is fast with a slow chemistry reaction zone, which is compressed continuously between the height of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm. Finally, the steady detonation is built at a height of 2.5 mm. The stable detonation velocity and CJ pressure are 4726 ± 8 m/s and 17.12 ± 0.22 GPa. Additionally, the stable reaction zone time and width are 44 ± 7 ns and 148 ± 11 μm. The detailed detonation process has not previously been quantified in such a small geometry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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“…The signals obtained during this study for measuring the detonation and shock velocities were acquired using the OAM, whose principle is summarized at 2.3 and analyzed and described in more detail in [29].…”

Section: Signal Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all the materials used (transparent and opaque), the optical active method using BOPs made it possible to identify the time instant when the probes were hit by the SW clearly without any constraints originating from the production of light during the measurements. The time measurements were made according to [29].…”

Section: Signal Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time intervals (Δt i ) corresponds to the time difference between two consecutive probes, and have a systematic error of � 4.2 ns, which is related to the temporal resolution of the transient recorder, and i corresponds to the interval analyzed. The recording of the times from the electric signals and the procedure to determine the detonation velocity (D) are described comprehensively in [29].…”

Section: Detonation Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work encompasses a methodological description of the use of the optical active method (OAM) [29] for the measurement of the shock velocities (U S ), generated by an explosive on three different inert materials-PMMA, aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) -to determine the CJ pressure of the explosive. A mathematical approach based on the movement of the SW, according to time, through different thicknesses of an inert material (x(t)) was used to determine the shock velocity of the inert material/explosive interface (U S (I)) that corresponds to the CJ state, which characterizes the steady-state of the detonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the Detonation Pressure of a PETN Based PBX with the Optical Active Method

Quaresma

Deimling

Campos

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Detonation metrology is essential for the development of energetic materials, to characterize existing explosives, and to characterize materials behavior under high pressures. The optical active method (OAM), based on PMMA optical fibers (250 μm diameter) and their radiation transmission loss when shocked, was used to characterize the detonation wave (DW) and shock wave (SW) in inert barriers and applied to measure the detonation pressure in condensed explosives. The detonation velocity and detonation pressure of a PBX based on PETN (86 % PETN, 14 % Sylgard), known as Seismoplast were measured. The OAM with protected optical probes (POP) was used to determine the mean detonation velocity (7337 m s À 1 ), whereas the OAM with bare optical probes (BOP) was used to measure the induced shock velocities generated by Seismoplast on different thicknesses of PMMA (1-9 mm), aluminum and copper (1-7 mm). Based on the shock velocities at the interfaces between the explosive and the inert barriers, the CJ pressure of Seismoplast was determined as 21.2 GPa.

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Detonation characterization of low‐density emulsion explosives

Pimenta

Quaresma

Ribeiro

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Due to the wide applicability and popularity of emulsion explosives (EEs) in the industry, ongoing advancements have been made in order to better understand and optimize the capabilities of EEs. Over the recent years, work has been developed to understand the effect that additives have on the detonation phenomena, and the energetic properties of EEs. In recent studies, most emphasis has been given to energetic additives, and little information is available regarding non‐energetic additives, despite their rising use in industrial applications. This work intends to do a detonation characterization of low‐density EEs, using EPS as a non‐energetic additive, in a concentration range of 0 % to 4 %, and consequently, an EEs density range of 1.12 g/cm3 down to 0.49 g/cm3. In order to characterize the detonation velocity and pressure of these EEs, different charge configurations (rectangular cross‐section and cylindrical) and measurement methods (discrete and quasi‐continuous) were used throughout this work. The results obtained, for these charge configurations and within EEs with these compositions and densities, display a linear behaviour for the detonation velocity, ranging from 2126 m/s up to 5581 m/s, and also for the values of the detonation pressure, varying between 3.3 GPa up to 11.7 GPa.

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Active and Passive Optical Fiber Metrology for Detonation Velocity Measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Observations on Detonation Growth of Lead Azide at Microscale

Characterization of the Detonation Pressure of a PETN Based PBX with the Optical Active Method

Detonation characterization of low‐density emulsion explosives

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