Active and passive interaction mechanism of smart materials for health monitoring of engineering structures: a review

Abstract

Smart materials when interact with engineering structures, should have the capability to sense, measure, process, and detect any change in the selected variables (stress, damage) at critical locations. These smart materials can be classified into active and passive depending on the type of the structure, variables to be monitored, and interaction mechanism due to surface bonding or embedment. Some of the prominent smart materials are piezoelectric materials, micro fiber composite, polymers, shape memory alloys, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive materials, electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids and fiber optics. In addition, host structures do have the properties to support or repel the usage of smart materials inside or on it. This paper presents some of the most widely used smart materials and their interaction mechanism for structural health monitoring of engineering structures.

A Perspective of Non-Fiber-Optical Metamaterial and Piezoelectric Material Sensing in Automated Structural Health Monitoring

“…There exist several non-FO smart materials such as electrorheological fluids, magneto-strictive materials, shape memory alloys, and—most importantly—piezoelectric type sensors [12,99,137,138]. It is difficult to present details of each material individually but it can be stated that the piezoelectric type sensors take a major share in the SHM market as they have superior actuation and sensing abilities compared to other sensors [131,139,140]. In the last 25 years, the usage of smart material sensors especially the application of piezo sensors increased in various techniques such as electromechanical impedance [123], ultrasonic guided waves [141,142], Lamb waves [143,144], vibration and damping control, energy harvesting, etc.…”