Active and passive infrared spectroscopy for the detection of environmental threats

Deutsch, Erik R.; Kotidis, Petros; Zhu, Ninghui; Goyal, Anish K.; Ye, Jim; Mazurenko, A.; Norman, Mark L.; Zafiriou, Kostas; Baier, Mark; Connors, R. F.

doi:10.1117/12.2058544

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Block is the leading company in using QCL-based mid-infrared spectroscopy for standoff detection applications and has demonstrated this capability through several new product offerings [Ref. 1,2]. These applications were enabled by several key technical accomplishments, as described below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff detection of chemical and biological threats using miniature widely tunable QCLs

2015

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Standoff detection and identification of chemical threats has been the "holy grail" of detection instruments. The advantages of such capability are well understood, since it allows detection of the chemical threats without contact, eliminating possible operator and equipment contamination and the need for subsequent decontamination of both. In the case of explosives detection, standoff detection might enable detection of the threat at safe distances outside the blast zone. A natural extension of this capability would be to also detect and identify biological threats in a standoff mode and there are ongoing efforts to demonstrate such capability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff detection of chemical and biological threats using miniature widely tunable QCLs

2015

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“…In general, the infrared wavelength regions from 3 to 5 μm and 8 to 14 μm are of importance since atmospheric absorption in these regions is especially low [1]. Nowadays, in industrial environments, thermal imaging is being used for finding hot-spots that can lead to failures in electrical and mechanical installations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Optimizations of Two-Legged Infrared Bolometer Sensor

Tsai

Tang

et al. 2014

2014 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies

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In this paper, figures of merit describing the performances of infrared (IR) bolometer sensor such as thermal response time (τ τ), responsivity, detectivity (D*), noise equivalent power (NEP) and noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) are estimated using numerical simulations. The proposed model is based on the analytical formulas from Frank Niklaus, et.al. Using this model, we have evaluated the performance of two-legged, uncooled infrared bolometer sensor with 52×52 μm 2 and 35×35 μm 2 pixel-pitch size. The bolometer sensors were fabricated by Institut National d'Optique (INO), Canada and National Chung-Shan Institute Science of Technology (NCSIST), Taiwan. Test structures including uncooled vanadium oxide bolometer FPAs were fabricated at INO to verify the agreement between the simulated and experimental data. The performance model was used at NCSIST to evaluate the improvements on design and fabrication of bolometer FPAs with pixel pitch varying form 35 μm to 52 μm.

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“…In fact, Block Engineering originated the rapid-scan Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and introduced the first commercially available FTIR spectrometer in 1969 through its subsidiary Digilab. Recently, Block has developed a miniature external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) called the Mini-QCL TM that can rapidly scan in wavelength across a large portion of the MIR [5,6]. These sources have numerous applications and are ideally suited for certain classes of open-path spectroscopic sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of chemical clouds using widely tunable quantum cascade lasers

et al. 2015

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Widely tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) spanning the long-wave infrared (LWIR) atmospheric transmission window and an HgCdTe detector were incorporated into a transceiver having a 50-mm-diameter transmit/receive aperture. The transceiver was used in combination with a 50-mm-diameter hollow retro-reflector for the open-path detection of chemical clouds. Two rapidly tunable external-cavity QCLs spanned the wavelength range of 7.5 to 12.8 m. Open-path transmission measurements were made over round-trip path-lengths of up to 562 meters. Freon-132a and other gases were sprayed into the beam path and the concentration-length (CL) product was measured as a function of time. The system exhibited a noise-equivalent concentration (NEC) of 3 ppb for Freon-132a given a round-trip path of 310 meters. Algorithms based on correlation methods were used to both identify the gases and determine their CLproducts as a function of time.

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Active and passive infrared spectroscopy for the detection of environmental threats

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Standoff detection of chemical and biological threats using miniature widely tunable QCLs

Standoff detection of chemical and biological threats using miniature widely tunable QCLs

Performance Optimizations of Two-Legged Infrared Bolometer Sensor

Detection of chemical clouds using widely tunable quantum cascade lasers

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