Active and Passive Immunization Against Staphylococcus aureus Periprosthetic Osteomyelitis in Rats

Søe, Niels Henrik; Jensen, Nina Vendel; Jensen, A. L.; Koch, Julian; Poulsen, Steen Seier; Pier, Gerald B.; Johansen, Helle Krogh

doi:10.21873/invivo.11023

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…It has been proposed to design vaccine approaches for biofilm infections depending on which antigens are present in the biofilm mode of growth (145), but no such attempts have been actively pursued. There appears to be some pre-clinical success with anti-PIA antibodies, as shown in an S. aureus periprosthetic osteomyelitis rat model (146). As for S. epidermidis , there has been success using immunization with the surface protein SesC in a subcutaneous foreign body in a rat model (147).…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies For Staphylococcal Biofilm-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Biofilms

2018

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Staphylococci, with the leading species and, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The biofilm phenotype that those bacteria adopt during device-associated infection facilitates increased resistance to antibiotics and host immune defenses. This review presents and discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to staphylococcal biofilm development and their in-vivo importance. Furthermore, it summarizes current strategies for the development of therapeutics against staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection.

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Section: Therapeutic Strategies For Staphylococcal Biofilm-associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Biofilms

2018

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“…It is important to note our observation that the persistent experimental infection of the rat femurs by S. epidermidis applied in this study was detected in only 19% of the animals; the following text discusses the possible causes of this phenomenon. Aimed at precisely simulating the operation procedure and the introduction of bacterial contamination to the bone via implantation, we impregnated the tested implants via the inoculum of S. epidermidis and introduced them to the medulla of the rat femurs using an approach applied in other studies [ 54 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. S. epidermidis was selected since, together with S. aureus , it represents the most common microorganism responsible for implant-associated infections [ 54 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin-Loaded Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Layers Electrospun on 3D Printed Titanium Implants Prevent Bone Destruction Associated with S. epidermidis Infection and Enhance Osseointegration

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study was to develop an orthopedic implant coating in the form of vancomycin-loaded collagen/hydroxyapatite layers (COLHA+V) that combine the ability to prevent bone infection with the ability to promote enhanced osseointegration. The ability to prevent bone infection was investigated employing a rat model that simulated the clinically relevant implant-related introduction of bacterial contamination to the bone during a surgical procedure using a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The ability to enhance osseointegration was investigated employing a model of a minipig with terminated growth. Six weeks following implantation, the infected rat femurs treated with the implants without vancomycin (COLHA+S. epidermidis) exhibited the obvious destruction of cortical bone as evinced via a cortical bone porosity of up to 20% greater than that of the infected rat femurs treated with the implants containing vancomycin (COLHA+V+S. epidermidis) (3%) and the non-infected rat femurs (COLHA+V) (2%). The alteration of the bone structure of the infected COLHA+S. epidermidis group was further demonstrated by a 3% decrease in the average Ca/P molar ratio of the bone mineral. Finally, the determination of the concentration of vancomycin released into the blood stream indicated a negligible systemic load. Six months following implantation in the pigs, the quantified ratio of new bone indicated an improvement in osseointegration, with a two-fold bone ingrowth on the COLHA (47%) and COLHA+V (52%) compared to the control implants without a COLHA layer (27%). Therefore, it can be concluded that COLHA+V layers are able to significantly prevent the destruction of bone structure related to bacterial infection with a minimal systemic load and, simultaneously, enhance the rate of osseointegration.

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“…Infection prevention was achieved in animal models in which titanium implants were coated with copper 15 , copper-titanium dioxide 16 , and magnesium 17 . Infection prevention was also achieved by administering active and passive immunization against Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model 18 . Preoperative supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in mice with 25hydroxyvitamin D deficiency reduced infection risk by lowering bacterial and neutrophil burden 19 .…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What’s New in Musculoskeletal Infection

McLaren

Nana²,

Chen

et al. 2018

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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This Update on musculoskeletal infection presents a review of infection-related articles from 2017, from journals in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases in the clinical areas of arthroplasty, orthopaedic oncology, orthopaedic trauma, pediatric orthopaedics, and hand surgery. Publications on infectious-disease topics that were relevant to orthopaedics, including antimicrobial prophylaxis (locally applied vancomycin powder), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines on surgical site infection (SSI) prevention, published in 2017, were also reviewed. Methods Articles for review were selected by searching all journals in the NCBI databases for the infection-related terms "orthop(a)edic infection," "osteomyelitis," "bone infection," "implant infection," "fracture infection," "septic arthritis," and "biofilm" in combination with terms pertaining to clinical areas of interest: "arthroplasty," "orthop(a)edic oncology," "orthop(a)edic trauma," "fracture," "open fracture," "wound closure," "hand," "finger," "wrist," "child," "children," and "p(a)ediatric(s)." We also searched for "vancomycin powder," "local vancomycin," "intra-wound vancomycin," "intra-operative vancomycin," "intra-site vancomycin," and "topical vancomycin" in all NCBI database journals without associated clinical areaof-interest search terms. Reviewed were English-language papers that were published in 2017 and that reported infection as the topic of focus, the purpose of investigation, or the critical finding, as identified on a review of the title and abstract; we excluded papers that had infection as an incidental finding or were expert opinion. We used our editorial discretion to identify articles that are pertinent and relevant to the readership. A total of 378 articles were identified; 137 are reviewed. The vast majority of the studies were case reports and retrospective reviews, often without controls, that add observations and author experience to our knowledge base but do not provide strong evidence to direct practice. There were few prospective controlled trials or high-quality, large database studies with scientifically valid findings. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Locally Applied Vancomycin Powder Recent retrospective series have demonstrated associations between the use of vancomycin powder prior to wound closure in spine surgery and reductions in SSI risk; prospective randomized controlled studies are still ongoing. The apparent success of topical vancomycin powder in preventing infection in spine surgery has raised the possibility of its benefit in other surgical fields, including those outside of orthopaedics. Additional studies have focused on the side-effects and impact of vancomycin powder use on the microbial etiology of infection. In the spine literature, 2 retrospective studies noted associations between vancomycin powder use and lower infection risk among surgical patients 1,2. With respect to other orthopaedic disciplines, the use of vancomycin powder was associated with a lower o...

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Active and Passive Immunization Against Staphylococcus aureus Periprosthetic Osteomyelitis in Rats

Abstract: Abstract. Background

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Staphylococcal Biofilms

Staphylococcal Biofilms

Vancomycin-Loaded Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Layers Electrospun on 3D Printed Titanium Implants Prevent Bone Destruction Associated with S. epidermidis Infection and Enhance Osseointegration

What’s New in Musculoskeletal Infection

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