Activation of XII motoneurons and premotor neurons during various oropharyngeal behaviors

Gestreau, Christian; Dutschmann, Mathias; Obled, Stéphane; Bianchi, A.L.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2005.03.015

Cited by 107 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…eupnea, sigh, and gasp derived from a single respiratory network using a stereotaxic mapping technique in the brainstem slices of neonatal mice. The studies of premotor control of tongue muscle motoneuron activity also suggest that a single respiratory network can be reconfigured to produce nonrespiratory behaviors (Gestreau et al, 2005). Oku et al (1994) have reported that BÖ T/preBÖ T EAUG neurons exhibit two types of responses to SLN-induced coughing: the EAUG neurons briefly fire only after the inspiratory termination, probably during the expulsive phase, or continuously burst throughout the expiratory phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the central pattern generators (CPGs) are not dedicated to producing a fixed motor pattern, but can assume different functional configurations and produce various motor patterns according to afferent inputs (Morton and Chiel, 1994;Dickinson, 1995;Marder and Calabrese, 1996). It is thus suggested that the respiratory neuronal network can be reconfigured to generate nonrespiratory behaviors of respiratory muscles including laryngeal muscles (Grélot and Bianchi, 1996;Gestreau et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Shiba¹,

Nakazawa²,

Ono³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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To examine whether motor commands of two or more distinct laryngeal motor patterns converge onto a common premotor network, we conducted dual recordings from the laryngeal adductor motoneuron and its premotor neuron within the brainstem respiratory circuitry during fictive breathing, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing in decerebrate paralyzed cats. Expiratory neurons with an augmenting firing pattern (EAUG), whose action potentials evoked monosynaptic IPSPs in the adductor motoneurons, sharply fired during the expulsive phases of fictive coughing and sneezing, during which the adductor motoneurons transiently repolarized. In contrast, these premotor neurons were silent during the swallow-related hyperpolarization in adductor motoneurons. These results show that one class of medullary respiratory neuron, EAUG, is multifunctional and shared among the central pattern generators (CPGs) for breathing, coughing, and sneezing. In addition, although the CPGs underlying these three behaviors and the swallowing CPG do overlap, EAUG neurons are not part of the swallowing CPG and, in contrast to the other three behaviors, are not a source of inhibitory input to adductor motoneurons during swallowing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Shiba¹,

Nakazawa²,

Ono³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…For instance, progressive aphasia in frontotemporal dementia associated with downstream motor speech deficits (Hillert, 1999;Tolnay and Probst, 2002). In addition, postinspiratory activity is essential for laryngeal closure during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food into the airways (Gestreau et al, 2005). Indeed, dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia belong to the most serious complications, and eventual cause of death, in AD patients (Kalia, 2003).…”

Section: Tauopathy In Neural Circuits Associated With Upper Airway Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Airway Dysfunction of Tau-P301L Mice Correlates with Tauopathy in Midbrain and Ponto-Medullary Brainstem Nuclei

Dutschmann¹,

Menuet²,

Stettner³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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Tauopathy comprises hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, causing intracellular aggregation and accumulation as neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil treads. Some primary tauopathies are linked to mutations in the MAPT gene coding for protein tau, but most are sporadic with unknown causes. Also, in Alzheimer's disease, the most frequent secondary tauopathy, neither the cause nor the pathological mechanisms and repercussions are understood. Transgenic mice expressing mutant Tau-P301L suffer cognitive and motor defects and die prematurely from unknown causes. Here, in situ electrophysiology in symptomatic Tau-P301L mice (7-8 months of age) revealed reduced postinspiratory discharges of laryngeal motor outputs that control laryngeal constrictor muscles. Under high chemical drive (hypercapnia), postinspiratory discharge was nearly abolished, whereas laryngeal inspiratory discharge was increased disproportionally. The latter may suggest a shift of postinspiratory laryngeal constrictor activity into inspiration. In vivo doublechamber plethysmography of Tau-P301L mice showed significantly reduced respiratory airflow but significantly increased chest movements during baseline breathing, but particularly in hypercapnia, confirming a significant increase in inspiratory resistive load. Histological analysis demonstrated hyperphosphorylated tau in brainstem nuclei, directly or indirectly involved in upper airway motor control (i.e., the Kölliker-Fuse, periaqueductal gray, and intermediate reticular nuclei). In contrast, young Tau-P301L mice did not show breathing disorders or brainstem tauopathy. Consequently, in aging Tau-P301L mice, progressive upper airway dysfunction is linked to progressive tauopathy in identified neural circuits. Because patients with tauopathy suffer from upper airway dysfunction, the Tau-P301L mice can serve as an experimental model to study disease-specific synaptic dysfunction in well defined functional neural circuits.

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“…Yet this coordination is not absolute as the cranial nerves can exhibit discharges that are not related to the cyclical periods of neural inspiration and expiration. Such non-respiratory discharges, which are especially prevalent in the hypoglossal, trigeminal and facial nerves, reflect their involvement in rhythmic activities such as mastication and deglutition (Widdicombe 1980;Baekey et al 2001;Roda et al 2002;Morris et al 2003;Gestreau et al 2005).…”

Section: A Brief Characterization Of Neural Activities During Eupnoeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Noeud vital for breathing in the brainstem: gasping—yes, eupnoea—doubtful

John

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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For the past 200 years, various regions of the brainstem have been proposed as a 'noeud vital' for breathing-a critical region which, when destroyed, results in an irreversible cessation of breathing and death. Complicating this search for a noeud vital is the extensive network of neurons that comprises the brainstem respiratory control system of pons and medulla. Does a cessation of breathing following ablation of any region reflect the removal of a critical set of neurons whose activity generates the respiratory rhythm or does it reflect the interruption of one component of the neuronal circuit, such that this circuit cannot function, at least temporarily? An additional complication is that in contemporary neuroscience, a number of in vitro preparations have been introduced for the study of the generation of the respiratory rhythms. However, how are the rhythms that these preparations generate related to normal breathing? Are these rhythms similar to those of gasping, which is recruited when normal, eupnoeic breathing fails, or are these rhythms unique to the in vitro preparation and not related to any breathing pattern in vivo?

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Activation of XII motoneurons and premotor neurons during various oropharyngeal behaviors

Cited by 107 publications

References 76 publications

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Upper Airway Dysfunction of Tau-P301L Mice Correlates with Tauopathy in Midbrain and Ponto-Medullary Brainstem Nuclei

Noeud vital for breathing in the brainstem: gasping—yes, eupnoea—doubtful

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