Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity

Tian, Hainan; Z, Wu; Chen, Siyu; Ao, Kevin; Huang, Weijie; Yaghmaiean, Hoda; Sun, Tongjun; Xu, Fang; Zhang, Yanjun; Wang, Shucai; Li, Xin; Zhang, Yuelin

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03987-1

Cited by 186 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…NLRs perceive pathogen secreted proteins known as effectors and induce robust immune responses that generally include hypersensitive cell death (Jones et al, 2016;Kourelis and van der Hoorn, 2018;Saur et al, 2021). NLR-mediated immunity (also known as effector-triggered immunity) can be effective in restricting pathogen infection at invasion sites, and NLRs have also been recently shown to be involved in PRR-mediated signalling (Ngou et al, 2021a;Pruitt et al, 2021;Tian et al, 2021;Kourelis et al, 2021b). However, NLR-mediated immunity comes at a cost for plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Adachi

Sakai

Harant

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into a genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured network of sensor and helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and other Solanaceae, the NRC network forms up to half of the NLRome, and NRCs are scattered throughout the genome in gene clusters of varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical, but essential member of the NRC family that lacks canonical features of these NLR helper proteins, such as a functional N-terminal MADA motif and the capacity to trigger autoimmunity. In contrast to other NRCs, systemic gene silencing of NRCX markedly impairs plant growth resulting in a dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism of NRCX silenced plants is partially dependent on NRCX paralogs NRC2 and NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact on plant growth when silenced systemically, transient RNA interference of NRCX in mature N. benthamiana leaves doesn’t result in visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration of NRCX expression modulates the hypersensitive response mediated by NRC2 and NRC3 in a manner consistent with a negative role for NRCX in the NRC network. We conclude that NRCX is an atypical member of the NRC network that has evolved to contribute to the homeostasis of this genetically unlinked NLR network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Adachi

Sakai

Harant

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…During virus invasion, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize specific pathogen effectors and trigger effector-triggered immunity (ETI) [100][101][102][103]. Plant NLRs are subdivided into CC-NLRs (CNLs) and Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR)-NLRs (TNLs) according to their N-terminal structures [104]. The NLRs can directly or indirectly identify pathogen effectors and trigger a hypersensitive cell death response (HR) to restrict TSWV to the site of infection [47,105,106].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Natural Resistance To the Tswv In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Zhang

Islam

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation and production worldwide. As defenses against TSWV, natural resistance genes have been identified in tomato, including Sw-1a, Sw-1b, sw-2, sw-3, sw-4, Sw-5, Sw-6, and Sw-7. However, only Sw-5 exhibits a high level of resistance to the TSWV. Thus, it has been cloned and widely used in the breeding of tomato with resistance to the disease. Due to the global spread of TSWV, resistance induced by Sw-5 decreases over time and can be overcome or broken by a high concentration of TSWV. How to utilize other resistance genes and identify novel resistance resources are key approaches for breeding tomato with resistance to TSWV. In this review, the characteristics of natural resistance genes, natural resistance resources, molecular markers for assisted selection, and methods for evaluating resistance to TSWV are summarized. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for identifying, utilizing resistance genes, and developing tomato varieties that are resistant to TSWV.

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“…In addition, RLP23 and co-receptor SOBIR1 are spatially close to EDS1-PAD4-ADR1, suggesting that they form a constitutive complex at PM and that EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 likely function immediately downstream of RLP23-SOBIR1 (Pruitt et al, 2021). The parallel study by Tian et al showed that RK-and RLP-mediated defense genes expression, SA biosynthesis and resistance to virulent pathogens are primarily dependent on EDS1, PAD4 and ADR1s and modestly dependent on NRG1s and SAG101 in Arabidopsis (Tian et al, 2021). Furthermore, activation of PTI can upregulate the expression of a number of TNLs, and overexpression of some of these TNLs in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis led to increased defense outputs, suggesting induction of TNLs by PTI can boost immune responses through TNL signaling pathways (Tian et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The parallel study by Tian et al showed that RK-and RLP-mediated defense genes expression, SA biosynthesis and resistance to virulent pathogens are primarily dependent on EDS1, PAD4 and ADR1s and modestly dependent on NRG1s and SAG101 in Arabidopsis (Tian et al, 2021). Furthermore, activation of PTI can upregulate the expression of a number of TNLs, and overexpression of some of these TNLs in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis led to increased defense outputs, suggesting induction of TNLs by PTI can boost immune responses through TNL signaling pathways (Tian et al, 2021). These findings indicate that EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 is an important node linking PTI and ETI in Arabidopsis (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on ADR1s helps understanding the plant immune network

Zhou

2022

Stress Biology

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Plant innate immunity begins with the recognition of pathogens by plasma membrane localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs), which lead to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. For a long time, PTI and ETI have been regarded as two independent processes although they share multiple components and signal outputs. Increasing evidence shows an intimate link between PTI and ETI. PTI and ETI mutually potentiate each other, and this is essential for robust disease resistance during pathogen infection. An ancient class of NLRs called RNLs, so named because they carry a Resistance to Powdery Mildew 8 (RPW8)-like coiled-coil (CC) domain in the N terminus, has emerged as a key node connecting PTI and ETI. RNLs not only act as helper NLRs that signal downstream of sensor NLRs, they also directly mediate PTI signaling by associating with PRR complexes. Here, we focus on Activated Disease Resistance 1 (ADR1), a subclass of RNLs, and discuss its role and mechanism in plant immunity.

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Activation of TIR signalling boosts pattern-triggered immunity

Cited by 186 publications

References 48 publications

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network

Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Research on ADR1s helps understanding the plant immune network

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