Activation of protective cell-mediated immune response in gastric mucosa during Cryptosporidium muris infection and re-infection in immunocompetent mice

Jalovecká, Marie; Sak, Bohumil; Kváč, Martin; Květoňová, Dana; Kučerová, Zuzana; Salát, Jiřı́

doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1785-2

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the significance of CD8+ T cells remain unclear and is probably generally underestimated (25). Results of our previous study demonstrated significant migration of these cells to the stomach mucosa during gastric C. muris infection, and their persistence in the site of infection for a long period of time suggests involvement in adaptive immunity against primary infection and reinfection, because animals could not be reinfected with the same strain of C. muris (3,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Activated CD8+ T cells contribute to clearance of gastric Cryptosporidium muris infections

Kváč

Kodádková

Sak

et al. 2011

Parasite Immunology

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The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the development of a protective immune response against Cryptosporidium muris infection was studied by the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with well-defined populations of either naive or immune CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of both naive and immune CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations protects SCID mice against cryptosporidiosis. Moreover, a significant biological impact of activated CD8+ T cells against gastric cryptosporidiosis was observed. The significant difference in the course and intensity of the infection in reconstituted SCID mice was found to be dependent on the protective function of both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations transferred. While SCID mice reconstituted with either immune or naive CD4+ or immune CD8+ T-cell subpopulations resolved the infection within 29, 37 and 51 days post-infection, respectively, those reconstituted with naive CD8+ T cells suffered from chronic infection similar to control SCID mice. Reconstitution with CD4+ T cells resulted in suppression of oocyst excretion and shortening of patent period in comparison with SCID mice reconstituted with CD8+ T cells. Thus, although CD4+ T cells are considered important in protective immunity, our results are the first to demonstrate the involvement of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes in the protection of mice against gastric cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Activated CD8+ T cells contribute to clearance of gastric Cryptosporidium muris infections

Kváč

Kodádková

Sak

et al. 2011

Parasite Immunology

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“…Cell suspensions were washed three times in RPMI 1640 medium by centrifugation at 160× g for 10 min at 4°C. The viability of spleen cells was assessed by Trypan blue exclusion immediately after their recovery [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Microsporidiosis Caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Immunocompetent Hosts: A Murine Model Demonstrating the Ineffectiveness of the Immune System and Treatment with Albendazole

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular parasites causing severe infections with lethal outcome in immunocompromised hosts. However, these pathogens are more frequently reported as latent infections in immunocompetent individuals and raises questions about the potential risk of reactivation following induced immunosuppression.AimsTo evaluate the possibility latent microsporidiosis, efficacy or albendazole, and reactivation, the authors monitored the course of E. cuniculi infection in immunocompetent BALB/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice using molecular methods.MethodsMice were per orally infected with 107 spores of E. cuniculi. Selected groups were treated with albendazole, re-infected or chemically immunosuppressed by dexamethasone. The presence of microsporidia in the host’s organs and feces were determined using PCR methods. Changes in numbers of lymphocytes in blood and in spleen after induction of immunosuppression were confirmed using flow cytometry analysis.ResultsWhereas E. cuniculi caused lethal microsporidiosis in SCID mice, the infection in BABL/c mice remained asymptomatic despite parasite dissemination into many organs during the acute infection phase. Albendazole treatment led to microsporidia elimination from organs in BALB/c mice. In SCID mice, however, only a temporary reduction in number of affected organs was observed and infection re-established post-treatment. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a chronic microsporidia infection disseminating into most organs in BALB/c mice. Although the presence of E. cuniculi in organs of albendazole- treated mice was undetectable by PCR, it was striking that infection was reactivated by immunosuppression treatment.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that microsporidia can successfully survive in organs of immunocompetent hosts and are able to reactivate from undetectable levels and spread within these hosts after induction of immunosuppression. These findings stress the danger of latent microsporidiosis as a life-threatening risk factor especially for individuals undergoing chemotherapy and in transplant recipients of organs originating from infected donors.

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“…IL-18 is upregulated in response to C. parvum infection, and exogenous IL-18 significantly decreased parasite load while IL-18 knockout mice are susceptible to infection. Additionally, IL-18 plays a regulatory role in the Th1/Th2 balance during C. parvum infection[103],[119]–[121].…”

Section: Immune Responses To Cryptosporidium Species Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis-an overview

Leitch

2012

Journal of Biomedical Research

150

116

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Apicomplexan protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium infect the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of a wide variety of animals, including humans. The majority of human infections are due to either Cryptosporidium hominis (C. hominis) and/or Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). The parasite has a complex life cycle that includes both asexual and sexual stages. While there are invasive free living stages, proliferation and differentiation take place within a unique parasitrophorous vacuole under the host cell brush border but outside the host cell cytoplasm. Infection is spread by environmentally resistant spores that primarily contaminate drinking water and occasionally food sources, which may cause significant outbreaks of diarrhea that generally lasts less than 2 w in immunocompetent individuals. In immunodeficient or immunosuppressed individuals, diarrhea may be copious and can result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in AIDS patients. Although diagnosis is relatively simple, effective drug treatment, particulary for infections in immunodeficient patients, has not been uniformly successful. This overview summarizes the species known to infect humans, aspects of the parasite life cycle, sources of infection, the pathophysiology of cryptosporidiosis, the immune response to infection, diagnosis, treatment and some aspects of cryptosporidiosis in China.

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Activation of protective cell-mediated immune response in gastric mucosa during Cryptosporidium muris infection and re-infection in immunocompetent mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Activated CD8+ T cells contribute to clearance of gastric Cryptosporidium muris infections

Activated CD8+ T cells contribute to clearance of gastric Cryptosporidium muris infections

Latent Microsporidiosis Caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Immunocompetent Hosts: A Murine Model Demonstrating the Ineffectiveness of the Immune System and Treatment with Albendazole

Cryptosporidiosis-an overview

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