Activation of polyubiquitin gene expression during developmentally programmed cell death

Schwartz, Lawrence M.; Myer, Anita; Kosz, Lucy; Engelstein, Marcy; Maier, Carolina M.

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90080-y

Cited by 199 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This induction is more rapid than that of mdm-2, in agreement with the pro- Table 1 Expression of genes indentified by their diffential expression during apoptosis Gene(s) Induced in Expression in REtsAF Calmodulin, chondroitin sulfate Glucocorticoids induced thymocyte apoptosis [11,20] Not detected proteoglycan core protein RP8 Glutathione S-transferase Ybl Clusterin Ubiquitin Glucocorticoids or radiation induced thymocyte apoptosis [15] Prostate regression [32] and steroid induced lymphocyte apoptosis [21] Prostate regression and various other cell death process [17] Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis [18] and insect muscles degeneration [19] [29], which suggest that, in some cells, p53 can mediate apoptosis by repressing survival genes. Recently, a reevaluation of the role of de novo protein synthesis in thymocyte apoptosis has also suggested that inhibitors of protein synthesis may delay apoptosis rather than prevent it [30], suggesting that some of the components of the apoptotic machinery are already present before apoptosis induction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Three types of genes were studied: (1) genes identified during glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis (RP-8) [11,15]; (2) during prostate regression and other cell-death processes (clusterin) [17]; and (3) during y irradiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis [18] and insect muscle degeneration [19] (polyubiquitin). Fig.…”

Section: Expression Of Genes Induced During Apoptosis In Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of specific gene induction during apoptosis of cell lines conditionally immortalized by SV40

1995

FEBS Letters

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Inactivation of SV40 large T antigen in cells immortalized with conditional mutants leads to activation of p53 and apoptosis. We have analysed during this process the expression of genes induced by p53 or differentially expressed during apoptosis in other systems. We find an early induction of WafllCipl. We also observe clusterin is induced during the process and displays a high level of expression in non-apoptotic cells, suggesting a protective role for clusterin. Other genes associated with thymocyte and lymphocyte apoptosis are not induced, showing that the pattern of gene induction is specific to the system studied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Expression Of Genes Induced During Apoptosis In Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of specific gene induction during apoptosis of cell lines conditionally immortalized by SV40

1995

FEBS Letters

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“…2g), a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and cell migration (Wunsch and Hass, 1995). Alternatively, the conjugated form of ubiquitin is a known component of cell death pathways in development (Schwartz et al, 1990). The positive staining in the midline may also indicate regulated cell death, giving rise to the cell fragments detected along the primitive groove.…”

Section: Identification Of Midline Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell death along the embryo midline regulates left–right sidedness

Kelly

Wei

Matsukawa

2002

Developmental Dynamics

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During embryogenesis, leftright sidedness is established by asymmetric expression of laterality genes. A recent model predicts the presence of a functional midline that divides the left side of the embryonic disc from the right side, separating left-and right-inducing signals. We show evidence that this midline is formed from a distinct population of cells within the primitive streak. Cells in the dorsal midline of the chick primitive streak display unique expression of the gastrulation markers fgf-8 and brachyury. These midline cells are fated to die, and dead cells remain in the midline during gastrulation. Inhibition of midline cell death compromises the early expression of laterality genes, such as shh and nodal and randomizes the direction of heart looping. We suggest that cell death along the primitive streak midline is a novel mechanism involved in the regulation of leftright asymmetry during early embryogenesis.

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“…Emerging evidence suggests a role for the ubiquitin system in selective developmental processes (Pickart et al, 1989;Schwartz et al, 1990;Glotzer et al, 1991;Scotting et al, 1991;Muralidhar and Thomas, 1993;Haas et al, 1995). We have therefore taken the first systematic approach towards identifying and characterizing ubiquitin and its associated enzymes in early development using a single vertebrate animal model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The restricted expression of ben to the nervous system during development suggests a role for ubiquitin-mediated protein modification in nervous system development, including growth cone guidance (Muralidhar and Thomas, 1993;Oh et al, 1994). Studies have demonstrated a role for ubiquitin in the degeneration of the intersegmental muscles (ISM) following pupation in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (Schwartz et al, 1990). Subsequently, it was revealed that a 10-fold increase in ISM ubiquitin-conjugate levels, under the regulation of glucocorticoid 20-hydroxyecdysone, is responsible for the ISM developmentally programmed cell death (Haas et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitin‐protein conjugates selectively distribute during early chicken embryogenesis

Wunsch

Haas

1995

Developmental Dynamics

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The major mechanism for proteolysis in eucaryotes involves an ATP-dependent pathway for which the covalent attachment of ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation. The involvement of ubiquitin conjugation in early embryonic vertebrate development was investigated by examining the amounts and localization of ubiquitin conjugates at different stages of development in the chicken using an affinity-purified antibody specific for conjugated ubiquitin. Solid phase immunochemical assays measuring whole embryo pools of free and conjugated ubiquitin demonstrated a progressive increase in conjugate pools to stage 18, followed by a decline to stage 24. In contrast, levels of free polypeptide showed a dramatic increase after stage 5, indicating a change in the dynamics of the two pools during development. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the distribution of ubiquitin adducts between stages 3 and 22 was pronounced in regions undergoing extensive cellular remodeling. Ubiquitin conjugates were detected in the primitive streak where cells ingress during gastrulation. The presence of these degradative intermediates in both neuroectodermal cells of the neural folds and subsequent neural crest cells migrating from the dorsum of the neural tube is consistent with an involvement in key morphogenetic events. The localization of ubiquitin conjugates at other selected tissue interfaces including limb bud ectoderrn/mesoderm, and cardiac atrioventricular myocardium/endothelium suggests an active role for ubiquitin-mediated protein modification in similar developmental interactions. Conjugates were distributed first between somites, then in myotomes with a pattern spatially identical to that of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, E214K, the major cognate isozyme for isopeptide ligase (E3)-dependent degradation. The potential involvement of ubiquitin conjugation at sites of epithelialmesenchymal associations was further analyzed in culture using atrioventricular canal (AV) endothelium. Immunoreactivity was abundant in cells immediately prior to and during their transformation into mesenchyme. Collectively, the specific temporal and spatial changes in ubiquitin conjugates during early vertebrate development suggest a regulatory role for this degradative path-0 1995 WILEY-LISS, INC. way in the cellular remodeling accompanying embryonic growth and differentiation.Q 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Activation of polyubiquitin gene expression during developmentally programmed cell death

Cited by 199 publications

References 29 publications

Studies of specific gene induction during apoptosis of cell lines conditionally immortalized by SV40

Studies of specific gene induction during apoptosis of cell lines conditionally immortalized by SV40

Cell death along the embryo midline regulates left–right sidedness

Ubiquitin‐protein conjugates selectively distribute during early chicken embryogenesis

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