Activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by spinel ferrite and their composites in degradation of organic pollutants: A Review

Design and Catalytic Behaviour of Hosted in Activated Carbon Foam CoxZn1−xFe2O4 Ferrites

“…In accordance with the XRD (Table 1), TEM (Figure 5) and Mössbauer (Table 3) analyses, the higher catalytic activity in the selective decomposition of methanol to CO for the carbon foam-based materials originates from the formation of cobalt-substituted magnetite phase. The contribution of the Co 2+ -Co 3+ and Fe 2+ -Fe 3+ redox pairs, which occupied the more exposed octahedral positions in the spinel lattice (Table 3) could be assumed [16]. Small additives of Zn to the cobalt-containing spinels (samples Co8Zn2ACF) slightly decreased the catalytic activity in methanol decomposition to CO (Figures 7 and 8).…”

“…Spinel ferrites are easy to regenerate; they are stable and inexpensive and their attractive properties could be enhanced by doping with different metals [11]. However, up to this moment, only copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc and several mixed-metal and core-shell ferrites have been applied in the catalytic reactions, mainly in the processes of synthesis and destruction of organic compounds [7,[13][14][15][16].…”

“…The ideal spinel structure consists of cubic unit cells with 64 and 32 available tetrahedral and octahedral sites, of which only 8 and 16 sites, respectively, are occupied by cations [6,16]. Based on the position of the cations in the lattices, spinel ferrites can be categorized into three types.…”

“…Generally, zinc-substituted cobalt ferrites with general formula Co x Zn 1−x Fe 2 O 4 , have an inverse spinel structure, where the cobalt ions are within the octahedral position, while iron and zinc ions are distributed between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites [10,[19][20][21][22][23]. It was well-established that the catalytic properties of the spinel ferrites are related to the cations situated on the octahedral sites, because they are considerably exposed in the crystallites [16]. The synthesis method and the concentration of the dopant could strongly affect the texture, morphology and cation distribution in the spinel ferrites [19,20].…”

Application of Magnetic Composites in Removal of Tetracycline through Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review

“…For example, the emergence of these antibiotic residues inhibits the growth and development of aquatic species, and may over-accumulate in the food chain to lead to joint disease, nephropathy, endocrine disruption, and central nervous system defect [16,17]. The techniques for removing TC from water include biological processes [18], coagulation [3], sedimentation [19], electrochemical processes [20], membrane techniques [21], advanced oxidation processes [22], chlorination [23], and adsorption [4], which are summarized in Figure 1. However, most of conventional treatment processes have an inherent disadvantage for removing TC [24].…”