Activation of latent herpesvirus hominis in explants of rabbit trigeminal ganglia: the influence of immune serum

Abstract

More than fifty albino rabbits were inoculated into the right scarified cornea with 10(7) PFU of the Kupka strain of human herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1). At intervals ranging from 4--280 days post infection (p.i.), both gasserian ganglia, both trigeminal nerve trunks and pieces from brain stem and from both corneas were explanted. Activation of the latent HHV-1 was found mainly in the homolateral ganglion tissue, but also in explants originating from the opposite ganglia. Within 24--72 hours, prior to the release of virus into the medium, one infectious unit of HHV was recovered from 10(4)--10(5) cells of the ganglion explant. In addition, a few neurons and satellite cells revealed the presence of virus-specific antigens when the explants were examined by immunofluorescence in serial sections. If the gangia were explanted in the presence of immune serum, the virus recovery rate was at least twice lower as compared to the virus activation in explants kept in the absence of immune serum.

Transcription at Early Stages of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection and during Reactivation

“…It is well known that latent HSV reactivates in cultured sensory ganglion fragments, which has been proven in mice as well as in rabbits [15,18,19]. Thus, explanted trigeminal ganglion fragments are suitable for studying various aspects of latency established in vivo, including the reactivation process [20].…”

“…The cDNA was prepared in a 20-Ìl reaction volume containing 0.5 Ìg of mRNA (20 Ìg/ml) or 1-1.5 Ìg of total RNA, 0.5 Ìg of oligo (dT) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] primer (0.5 mg/ml) (Gibco), 10 mM of each dNTP (Perkin Elmer Cetus), 10 mM DTT (Gibco), 20 units of RNasin (Promega), 1! First Strand Buffer and 200 units of M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Gibco).This mixture was incubated at 37° for 60 min, and then at 95° for 5 min.…”

“…According to our previous studies, in which latency was established in rabbit sensory ganglia by inoculation of HSV-1 strain Kupka into scarified cornea, the infectious virus, viral antigens and virions appeared in the explanted fragments of corresponding trigeminal ganglia between days 3 and 7 in culture [14,15]. The aim of this study was to follow the reactivation kinetics of the above-mentioned HSV-1-coded IE and E proteins in explanted trigeminal ganglia at various intervals (from 4 h to 5 days).…”

Neuronal and Lymphocytic Populations in Human Trigeminal Ganglia: Implications for Ageing and for Latent Virus

“…Our quantitative analysis indicates that stromal infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells largely of lymphocytes, with a few plasma cells is a n ubiquitous component of the human Gasserian ganglion at virtually any age (Table 1). Histological descriptions of the trigeminal ganglion in mice (Farkus-Bargeton et al, 1981), rats (Aldskogius & Arvidsson, 1978), rabbits (Rajcani et al, 1977;Rajcani & Ciampor, 1978) and macaque monkeys (Maxwell, Kruger & Pineda, 1969) have generally not recorded this feature, either spontaneously occurring or even following Herpes virus inoculation of the cornea.…”

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SENSITIVITY OF MOUSE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AND CEREBELLUM TO HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN VITRO

“…In ganglion cultures, the virus enters nerve cells or the end ofaxons in a different way from that in vivo. There have been many reports about ganglia inoculated z'n vivo with HSV stating that immune serum reduced the amount of free virus in the ganglion during the acute phase (11)(12)(13) or the latent phase of the infection (2,9,12) by the method of homogenisation or explantation. There may be a similar protective effect of the immune serum on ganglia inoculated in oioo or in tntro with HSV, Although Sekizawa et al showed that once latency is established antibody, is not necessary for its maintenance (14), we think that antibody is necessary for establishing the latent infection with the help of cell-mediated immunity, because it can prolong the survival time of ganglion nerve cells, but not eliminate the acute ganglionic infection completely, ships between HSV and ganglion cultures without the effect of cell-mediated immunity.…”