“…Different isolation methods have been developed including ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and immunoaffinity capture, and they have own advantages and limitations. One of the major issues is the potential for contamination with non-exosomal components, such as proteins and lipoproteins, which affect downstream analyses and interpretation of results [11]. Another issue is the potential for loss or alteration of exosomal contents during isolation, which can affect their biological activity and potential clinical applications.…”