Activation of cobalt by neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb

Kerr, G.D.; Dyer, F.F.; Emery, J.F.; Pace, J.V.; Brodzinski, R. L.; Marcum, J. I.; Associates, Marina del Rey D

doi:10.2172/7243377

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…This difference has been termed the "Hiroshima -~ 10.0 thermal neutron discrepancy". As indicated above, the o ~ radionuclides 152Eu and 6~ were assessed independently by Japanese teams, by means of gamma spectroscopy, and _-3 1.0 O9 the results were in apparent agreement with those obtained for 36C1, for large distances from the epicenter in Hiroshima [6,8,9,10,11,19,21,23,24,25,26,27] ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

Huber

Rühm²,

Hoshi

et al. 2003

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Within the effort to resolve the so-called Hiroshima neutron discrepancy, an international intercomparison study has been carried out on granite samples from Hiroshima, with participating institutions from Japan, the US, and Germany. (36)Cl and (152)Eu produced in these samples by thermal neutrons from the A-bomb explosion were assessed independently by means of different techniques. At the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory near Munich, Germany, (36)Cl concentrations were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. Measured (36)Cl/Cl ratios ranged from 1,670 x 10(-13) (at a distance of 146 m from the hypocenter) to 2.2 x 10(-13) (at a distance of 1,163 m from the hypocenter). One granite sample not exposed to A-bomb neutrons was measured as a control, and a (36)Cl/Cl ratio of 2.6 x 10(-13) was obtained. On average, our experimental results are 20-30% lower than those provided by model calculations based on the dosimetry system DS86. The results presented here do not support previous assessments of (36)Cl, (60)Co, and (152)Eu which had suggested much larger thermal neutron fluences than those calculated on the basis of DS86 for distances from the hypocenter of more than 1,000 m.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

Huber

Rühm²,

Hoshi

et al. 2003

Radiat Environ Biophys

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show abstract

“…However, since 1987, a series of reports (e.g. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have documented the conclusion that the results of measurements of neutron activation at Hiroshima are not consistent with DS86 predictions. In particular, at the ground range of most interest for risk estimation for low-dose radiation (-900-1,450 m), predictions significantly underestimate the measured neutron-induced activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Biological Evidence for a Significant Neutron Dose to Survivors of the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb

Brenner

1996

Radiation Research

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In the past few years much physical evidence has accumulated that the A-bomb survivors at Hiroshima were exposed to significant doses of neutrons, in contrast to the predictions of the current DS86 dosimetry. We discuss some biological measurements of exchange-type chromosomal aberrations in survivors at Hiroshima, which also strongly imply that the survivors received a significant neutron dose. Specifically, the ratio of translocations (an interchromosomal aberration) to pericentric inversions (intrachromosomal interarm aberration), the F value, was significantly smaller than would be expected from a gamma-ray exposure, and was consistent with the majority of the effective dose coming from neutrons. If this biological evidence and the previous physical evidence are correct, the effective neutron dose at relevant locations at Hiroshima dominated the total effective dose, from which it may be concluded that (1) the risk coefficient for gamma rays may have been considerably overestimated, and (2) there is a possibility of deriving from the A-bomb data, with reasonable confidence limits, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for carcinogenesis by neutrons.

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“…The noninitial facts need not be entailed by the conjunction of the initial facts and the natural laws. 44 But metaphysical laws cannot be indeterministic. Metaphysical laws necessarily play a functional role, taking the fundamental facts as input, and outputting the nonfundamental facts.…”

Section: Metaphysical Lawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativity in a Fundamentally Absolute World

Spencer

2022

Philosophical Perspectives

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Activation of cobalt by neutrons from the Hiroshima bomb

Abstract: This document contains information of a preliminary nature. It is subject to revision or correction and therefore does not represent a final report.

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

Direct Biological Evidence for a Significant Neutron Dose to Survivors of the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb

Relativity in a Fundamentally Absolute World

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