Activation of Chromatin-Bound DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6.) in Plant Storage Tissue Slices

Kahl, Günter; Wechselberger, Manfred

doi:10.1515/znc-1977-3-413

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The inhibition by EDTA was probably by complexing with the divalent cations. As in many animal as well as plant systems (16), pyrophosphate inhibited the RNA polymerase reaction but inorganic phosphate did not. Ribonuclease inhibited the reaction about 90%, as did actinomycin D, and deoxyribonuclease inhibited by 80%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effect of aflatoxin B1 on chromatin-bound ribonucleic acid polymerase and nucleic acid and protein synthesis in germinating maize seeds

Tripathi¹,

Misra²

1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The treatment of germinating maize seeds (cv. Ganga 2) with aflatoxin B1 resulted in suppression of ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis at 3, 4, and 5 h, respectively. At or below the concentrations inhibitory for these in vivo syntheses, the toxin inhibited chromatin-bound DNAdependent RNA polymerase activity. The synthesis of both polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated RNA was inhibited, but the effect on the former was more pronounced. Equilibrium dialysis and difference spectral and viscometric analyses showed a binding of aflatoxin B1 to DNA isolated from the seeds. It is proposed that the inhibition of RNA synthesis in maize seeds by the toxin is due to the interference with the RNA polymerase activity, which seems, at least partially, due to the impairment of DNA template functions. Aflatoxins, the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are one of the most potent chemical hepatocarcinogens known (12). Of the several aflatoxins produced by these fungi, aflatoxin B1 (AB,) is the most abundant and shows the highest toxicity. Besides affecting animal systems, which have been a subject of intense research, aflatoxins also affect plant systems (24). Some of the effects reported on plants include inhibition of seed germination, synthesis of a-amylase and lipase,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Assay of RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase activity in a final volume of 0.5 ml was measured by the method of Kahl and Wechselberger (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on chromatin-bound ribonucleic acid polymerase and nucleic acid and protein synthesis in germinating maize seeds

Tripathi¹,

Misra²

1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…DISCUSSION We have reported previously that the rapid wounding-induced polyribosomes formation in potato tuber tissue is dependent on previous transcription, which in turn is activated immediately after slicing (12). Wounding also greatly enhances the activity of chromatin-associated RNA polymerases (15). In addition, treatment of potato tissue slices with GA3 drastically stimulates RNA and protein synthesis generally (16,22,25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A wounding-induced increase in nucleolar size (13,22) and an enhanced activity of chromatin-bound RNA polymerases (4,15,16) or increase in template availability (4) are all characteristic features of injured tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid Activates Chromatin-bound DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase in Wounded Potato Tuber Tissue

Wielgat

Kahl

1979

Plant Physiol.

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Chromatin-bound DNA-dependent RNA polymerases react upon wounding of white potato tuber tissues with an increase in activity, which is additionally enhanced to 300% in the presence of0.1 micromolar gibberellic acid (GA3). 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is only weakly effective and indoleacetic acid not at aLL Wounding and treatment with GA3 affect template availability of chromatin only slightly. The hormone has no effect on chromatin-bound RNA polymerases, if added in vito. Wounding of plant storage tissues such as potato tuber tissue induces a wide spectrum of biochemical changes, such as de novo synthesis of various kinds of RNA and the formation of polyribosomes which are engaged in protein synthesis (12-14, 16, 25). A wounding-induced increase in nucleolar size (13,22) and an enhanced activity of chromatin-bound RNA polymerases (4, 15, 16) or increase in template availability (4) are all characteristic features of injured tissues.It is well known that plant hormones may be involved in the regulation of transcription or translation processes (17,22, 24,27). The hormone-induced changes in the rate of synthesis of new RNA species (16,21, 25, 26) may reflect the activation of previously inactive genes or the activation or synthesis of RNA polymerases (2,6,7,22). Both possibilities may well be realized. So, GA3 induces the RNA synthesis in isolated pea nuclei (11). The first effect of the hormone seems to be on the enhancement of template availability and afterward on RNA polymerase activity (10). An increased template availability of chromatin from hormone- treated tissues (4, 5) could not be confirmed by others (8,20), who demonstrated a significant increment of chromatin-bound RNA polymerase as an early effect. Here, we report that wound healing of white potato tuber tissue in the presence of GA3 significantly enhances the activity of chromatin-bound RNA polymerase I and less of RNA polymerase II, whereas the template availability of chromatin is only slightly increased. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe plant material and its treatment have been described in detail in a preceding paper (25).Isolation of Chromatin. Chromatin was isolated according to a modified method of Huang and Bonner (9). The tissue (250 g

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“…Wounding of white potato tuber tissue, a widely used model system, induces an increase in the activity of both chromatin-bound DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II and consequently the synthesis of ribosomal as well as messenger RNAs [10,11,12]. Nearest-neighbour frequency analysis of the RNA from resting and wounded tissues revealed that the quality of the RNA and hence the quality of transcription change after an injury [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-induced changes in chromosomal protein phosphorylation in wounded potato tuber parenchyma

Schäfer

Kahl

1981

Plant Mol Biol

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White potato tuber tissue reacts upon wounding with a rapid increase in activity of both chromatin-bound DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II as well as protein phosphokinase. This enhancement is more pronounced if 0.1 mM of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is added shortly after wounding. The effect of the hormone on protein kinases becomes evident only after a lag phase of about 10h and lasts throughout the wound-healing period. Different protein kinases with different substrate specificity (i.e. histone, phosvitin, casein phosphokinases) are distinctly more active in auxin-treated tissues. The phosphate is apparently introduced into proteins via seryl and threonyl bonds. Acyl or histidyl phosphates are not involved.The properties of protein phosphokinases are virtually identical in wounded and auxin-treated tissues. However, the pattern of chromosomal proteins and the pattern of their phosphorylation in hormone-treated tissues is different from those in wounded ones. A drastic stimulation of phosphorylation of both high and low-molecular weight chromosomal proteins is characteristic for auxin-treated cells.

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Activation of Chromatin-Bound DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6.) in Plant Storage Tissue Slices

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on chromatin-bound ribonucleic acid polymerase and nucleic acid and protein synthesis in germinating maize seeds

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on chromatin-bound ribonucleic acid polymerase and nucleic acid and protein synthesis in germinating maize seeds

Gibberellic Acid Activates Chromatin-bound DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase in Wounded Potato Tuber Tissue

Auxin-induced changes in chromosomal protein phosphorylation in wounded potato tuber parenchyma

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