Activation of Blast Furnace Slag with Soda Production Waste

Bilginer, Baki Aykut; Canbek, Oğulcan; Erdoğan, Sinan T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002987

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The formation of cross-linked or non-cross-linked hydration products is confirmed by the heat released during alkali activation. As reported in previous studies, the total heat release of AAM is less than that of OPC [100,101]. As mentioned in [102], a higher amount of alkali leads to a higher heat release.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Prediction Model Based on DoE and FTIR Data to Control Fast Setting and Early Shrinkage of Alkaline-Activated Slag/Silica Fume Blended Cementitious Material

Schade

Middendorf

2023

Materials

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This study aims to develop a material-saving performance prediction model for fast-hardening alkali-activated slag/silica fume blended pastes. The hydration process in the early stage and the microstructural properties after 24 h were analyzed using design of experiments (DoE). The experimental results show that the curing time and the FTIR wavenumber of the Si-O-T (T = Al, Si) bond in the band range of 900–1000 cm−1 after 24 h can be predicted accurately. In detailed investigations, low wavenumbers from FTIR analysis were found to correlate with reduced shrinkage. The activator exerts a quadratic and not a silica modulus-related conditioned linear influence on the performance properties. Consequently, the prediction model based on FTIR measurements proved to be suitable in evaluation tests for predicting the material properties of those binders in the building chemistry sector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Prediction Model Based on DoE and FTIR Data to Control Fast Setting and Early Shrinkage of Alkaline-Activated Slag/Silica Fume Blended Cementitious Material

Schade

Middendorf

2023

Materials

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“…GGBFS can be activated by alkaline materials (such as NaOH and CaO et al) to generate AAS. Compared with Portland cement (PC), AAS can reduce carbon emissions [ 7 ], as traditional alkaline activators (NaOH, Na 2 SiO 3 ) are expensive and have a great impact on the environment [ 8 , 9 ]. Ca(OH) 2 and CaO are potential alternatives to alkali activators because CaO (or Ca(OH) 2 )-activated slag cementitious materials can achieve high 28 d compressive strength [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with PC, AAS has a stronger ability to solidify chloride ions [ 20 , 21 ] because slag is rich in Al-phase, which can react with NaCl or CaCl 2 to form Friedel’s slat (Fs), as shown in Equations (1) and (2) [ 22 , 23 ]. Additionally, numerous studies [ 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] have demonstrated that SR can provide a hydration environment for AAS, and Ca 2+ , [SO 4 ] 2− and Cl − ions contained in SR can also participate in the hydration reaction of slag, generating ettringite (AFt) and Fs. However, there is still a risk of steel corrosion due to the presence of Cl − ions in SR, so it is a better choice to utilize SR in the unreinforced concrete field [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment on the Properties of Soda Residue-Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Mortars with Different Activators

Yao

et al. 2022

Materials

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Soda residue (SR), a solid waste generated in the production of Na2CO3 during the ammonia soda process, with a high pH value of 12, can be used as an activator of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) cementitious materials. Three groups of experiments on SR-activated GGBFS mortars were designed in this paper to assess the role of the dominant parameters on fluidity and compressive strength of mortars. The results indicate that for fluidity and mechanical properties, the optimal scheme of SR-activated GGBFS mortars is 16:84–24:76 S/G, 0.01 NaOH/b, 0.05 CaO/b, and 0.50 w/b, with fluidity and compressive strength (28 d) of the mortars being 181–195 mm and 32.3–35.4 MPa, respectively. Between 2.5–10% CaCl2 addition to CaO (5%)-SR (24%)-activated GGBFS mortar is beneficial to the improvement of the compressive strength of C2, whereas the addition of CaSO4 is harmful. The main hydration products of mortars are ettringite, Friedel’s slat, and CSH gels. The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the utilization of SR.

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“…One promising approach is to produce environment-friendly clinkerless concrete by using aluminosilicate wastes (e.g., slags, pulverized fly ash) or minerals (e.g., calcined clays) as replacements of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (Chithiraputhiran and Neithalath 2013;Cartwright et al 2015;Thomas et al 2016;Rakhimova and Rakhimov 2019). These alumi-nosilicate solids can be activated by alkaline solutions (e.g., sodium/potassium hydroxide, sodium/potassium silicate, or combinations of them) to create clinkerless binders (Provis and Bernal 2014;Thomas and Peethamparan 2015;Tänzer et al 2017;Bilginer et al 2020). The commonly used aluminosilicate precursors include ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), pulverized fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK) (Bernal et al 2013;Rashad 2013;Borges et al 2014;Puertas et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Effects of Mixture Parameters on Alkali-Activated Binder-Based Ultra-High Strength Concrete at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures

Liu

Chen

Cai

et al. 2022

ACT

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This work investigates the effects of mixture parameters on the slump flow and compressive strength of a new type of alkali-activated binder-based ultra-high strength concrete (AAB-UHSC) before and after exposure to high temperatures. The innovative UHSC adopts a combination of sodium silicate (SS) and potassium carbonate (PC) as the activator. Compared with the alkali hydroxide that is currently used in existing AAB-UHSC, alkali carbonate salts are environmental-and user-friendly and cost-effective. Four mixture proportioning parameters, including water/precursor ratio, activator/precursor ratio, silica fume (SF) replacement percentage, and SS/PC ratio, are evaluated regarding their quantitative effects on fresh and hardened properties of AAB-UHSC using Taguchi method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that the activator/precursor ratio is the decisive parameter controlling the slump flow diameter of fresh AAB-UHSC, whereas all four parameters have considerable influence on compressive strength of AAB-UHSC at room temperature. Although increasing the activator/precursor ratio increases compressive strength of AAB-UHSC at room temperature, it is adverse for residual strength of AAB-UHSC after exposure to high temperatures. Based on the test results and ANOVA, a mixture proportioning method of AAB-UHSC, which is lacking in existing literatures, is proposed and experimentally validated.

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Activation of Blast Furnace Slag with Soda Production Waste

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Prediction Model Based on DoE and FTIR Data to Control Fast Setting and Early Shrinkage of Alkaline-Activated Slag/Silica Fume Blended Cementitious Material

Prediction Model Based on DoE and FTIR Data to Control Fast Setting and Early Shrinkage of Alkaline-Activated Slag/Silica Fume Blended Cementitious Material

Experiment on the Properties of Soda Residue-Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Mortars with Different Activators

Quantitative Effects of Mixture Parameters on Alkali-Activated Binder-Based Ultra-High Strength Concrete at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures

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