Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading

Calvert, Gemma A.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Brammer, Michael; Campbell, Ruth; Williams, Steven; McGuire, Philip; Woodruff, Peter; Iversen, Susan D.; David, Anthony S.

doi:10.1126/science.276.5312.593

Cited by 864 publications

(648 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Specifically, we argue that previously identified area Spt, which had been characterized as an auditory-motor integration area, might instead be considered a sensorymotor integration area for the vocal tract action system, much like the lateral intraparietal sulcus (area LIP) is a sensory-motor integration area for eye movements, and anterior intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) is a sensory-motor integration area for grasping (Culham, 2004;Grefkes et al, 2004). The fact that the planum temporale region activates to non-auditory stimulation (e.g., during silent lip reading (Calvert et al, 1997)) is consistent with this characterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

Hickok

2008

Neuropsychologia

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Several sensory-motor integration regions have been identified in parietal cortex, which appear to be organized around motor-effectors (e.g., eyes, hands). We investigated whether a sensory-motor integration area might exist for the human vocal tract. Speech requires extensive sensory-motor integration, as does other abilities such as vocal musical skills. Recent work found a posterior region, area Spt, has both sensory (auditory) and motor response properties (for both speech and tonal stimuli). Brain activity of skilled pianists was measured with fMRI while they listened to a novel melody and either covertly hummed the melody (vocal tract effectors) or covert played the melody on a piano (manual effectors). Activity in area Spt was significantly higher for the covert hum versus covert play condition. A region in the anterior IPS (aIPS) showed the reverse pattern, suggesting its involvement in sensory-manual transformations. This finding suggests that area Spt is a sensorymotor integration area for vocal tract gestures for, at least, speech and music.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

Hickok

2008

Neuropsychologia

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“…Boatman et al (1997) have reported in five patients that the stimulation of one temporal electrode in this region elicited a deficit in syllable discrimination. The more posterior part of the temporal region is also activated when phonological representations are accessed through devices other than auditory input, such as lip reading (Calvert and Campbell, 2003;Calvert et al, 1997), word generation (Buchsbaum et al, 2001;Wise et al, 2001), sign language processing (Petitto et al, 2000), and reading (Paulesu et al, 2000(Paulesu et al, , 2001. It is possible that top-down attention amplifies those speech representation, thus bringing knowledge of the characteristics of a human voice to supplement the poverty of the sinewave input and integrate its acoustical features into phonemic representations.…”

Section: Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of switching from auditory to speech perception

et al. 2005

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Many people exposed to sinewave analogues of speech first report hearing them as electronic glissando and, later, when they switch into a dspeech modeT, hearing them as syllables. This perceptual switch modifies their discrimination abilities, enhancing perception of differences that cross phonemic boundaries while diminishing perception of differences within phonemic categories. Using high-density evoked potentials and fMRI in a discrimination paradigm, we studied the changes in brain activity that are related to this change in perception. With ERPs, we observed that phonemic coding is faster than acoustic coding: The electrophysiological mismatch response (MMR) occurred earlier for a phonemic change than for an equivalent acoustic change. The MMR topography was also more asymmetric for a phonemic change than for an acoustic change. In fMRI, activations were also significantly asymmetric, favoring the left hemisphere in both perception modes. Furthermore, switching to the speech mode significantly enhanced activation in the posterior parts of the left superior gyrus and sulcus relative to the non-speech mode. When responses to a change of stimulus were studied, a cluster of voxels in the supramarginal gyrus was activated significantly more by a phonemic change than by an acoustic change. These results demonstrate that phoneme perception in adults relies on a specific and highly efficient left-hemispheric network, which can be activated in top-down fashion when processing ambiguous speech/non-speech stimuli.

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“…Klucharev, Mottonen, & Sams, 2003;Lebib et al, 2004). However, there is accumulating evidence that multimodal integration also includes the modulation of activity at cortical brain sites that used to be considered modality specific and are usually related to perceptual aspects of processing (Calvert et al, 1997(Calvert et al, , 1999. Most studies in subjects with ASD used audio-visual stimuli that implicated higher level (more cognitive) processing, like in the studies on speech and emotion processing (de Gelder et al, 1991;Hall et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Can You See What is Not There? Low-level Auditory–visual Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Smagt

Engeland

Kemner

2007

J Autism Dev Disord

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Patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, show impaired integration of information across different senses. The processing-level from which this impairment originates, however, remains unclear. We investigated low-level integration of auditory and visual stimuli in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder. High-functioning adult subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder as well as age-and IQ-matched adults were tested using a task that evokes illusory visual stimuli, by presenting sounds concurrently with visual flashes. In both groups the number of sounds presented significantly affected the number of flashes perceived, yet there was no difference between groups. This finding implicates that any problems arising from integrating auditory and visual information must stem from higher processing stages in high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading

Cited by 864 publications

References 21 publications

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

Neural correlates of switching from auditory to speech perception

Brief Report: Can You See What is Not There? Low-level Auditory–visual Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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