Activation and Inhibition of Affective Information: for Negative Priming in the Evaluation Task

Wentura, Dirk

doi:10.1080/026999399379375

Cited by 167 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The arousal effect is in congruence with the assumption that emotionally arousing vocalizations have a signalling function and are more likely to attract the attention of the listener than neutral vocalizations [1]. Given previous evidence for a correlation between MMN peak latency and response time [19], the present valence effect associated with MMN peak latency accords with previous research, revealing faster reaction times to positive than to neutral or negative stimuli [8,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions

2005

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Emotional tone of voice indicates the signi¢cance of a spoken utterance. We asked whether listeners recognize this signi¢cance even when attending to something else and whether men and women di¡er in this regard.To answer these questions, we presented emotionally or neutrally spoken syllables as standards and deviants in a mismatch negativity paradigm. Independent of the listeners' sex, deviants elicited a mismatch negativity in the scalp-recorded event-related potential as an indicator of preattentive acoustic change detection. Only women, however, showed a larger mismatch negativity to emotional than to neutral deviants.Thus, even though both sexes detect change in voice preattentively, only women recruit additional processing resources when the change in voice is one of emotional valence. NeuroReport 16:635^639

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions

2005

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“…Forty-eight positive and 48 negative nouns were used as primes (norms from Wentura, 1999). Prime-target pairs were constructed by assigning one congruent prime, one incongruent prime and one neutral prime (letter string) to each target.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that this kind of priming should be operative for a wide variety of tasks (i.e., all tasks that require semantic identification of the target). Response competition accounts, however, assume that priming operates at later processing stages of response selection and execution; effects are thus only expected if the dimension on which prime and target are related is task relevant (i.e., in a response priming design), so that the prime pre-activates a response that is part of the response set of the task and thus can either be congruent or incongruent to the correct response (De Houwer et al, 2002;Klauer & Musch, 2003;Klinger et al, 2000;Wentura, 1999). The status of post-lexical mechanisms with regard to the stage of their influence on priming effects is less clear and might depend on the specific kind of post-lexical process that is assumed to mediate priming.…”

Section: A Structural Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive processes in associative and categorical priming: A diffusion model analysis.

Voss

Rothermund²,

Gast³

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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119

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A Diffusion Model AnalysisSequential priming procedures play a major role in Cognitive Psychology and related disciplines. For example, priming techniques are used to assess associative structures in semantic memory (e.g., Collins & Loftus, 1975;Neely, 1977;Rosch, 1975), to analyze subliminal semantic processing (e.g., Draine & Greenwald, 1998;Klinger, Burton, & Pitts, 2000;Marcel, 1983), or to investigate the mental basis of attitudes, prejudice, and stereotyping (Blair & Banaji, 1996;Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986; Wittenbrink, Judd, & Park, 1997, 2001a. With different sequential priming paradigms it has been shown that the processing of an irrelevant prime stimulus influences the processing ofor the responding to-a subsequently presented target stimulus. Typically, responses are faster and more accurate if prime and target are related.Despite these similarities, there are also important differences between paradigms.First, relatedness of prime and target can be based on many dimensions, including semantic relatedness, associations, similarity, and others. We are primarily interested here in associative and semantic relations between prime and target. Items are semantically related when they belong to the same category and thus share semantic properties (e.g., cat and cow are mammals) or when they are functionally related (e.g., broom and floor are related because brooms are used to sweep floors). Items are considered to be associated when a large percentage of people give the target as the first word they think of in response to the prime (see Moss, Ostrin, Tyler, & Marslen-Wilson, 1995, for an elaborate discussion of the distinction between semantic and associative priming). In addition to the relatedness dimension, priming paradigms differ in the type of task that is to be performed on the targets:Most paradigms use the lexical decision task (Meyer & Schvaneveldt, 1971;Neely, 1977; see also Gaertner & McLaughlin, 1983;Wentura, 2000; Wittenbrink et al., 1997 Wittenbrink et al., , 2001a & Hymes, 1996;Hermans, De Houwer, & Eelen, 1994), semantic or affective categorization tasks (e.g., De Houwer, Hermans, Rothermund, & Wentura, 2002;Fazio et al., 1986;Klinger et al., 2000), and verification tasks (Collins & Quillian, 1969;Meyer, 1970; see also Dovidio, Evans, & Tyler, 1986). A structural taxonomyIn this regard it is helpful to introduce a structural taxonomy of priming designs that distinguishes between semantic priming and response priming (see also Wentura & Degner, 2010). In semantic priming, the relationship of interest (e.g., whether prime and target are associatively related or not) is varied orthogonally to the response categories: For example, in a semantic priming design using the lexical decision task, targets that are preceded by associatively related primes as well as targets that are preceded by unrelated primes require a word-response. By way of contrast, in response priming designs, primes are at the same time congruent or incongruent to the target and to the response that ha...

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“…In other words, responding to a negative face as probe target would be slower if the previous prime distracter was a negative face (experimental condition) compared to if the previous prime distracter was a positive face (control condition). This slowdown is referred to as the NAP effect and can be considered as a valid index of inhibitory function towards affective material (Wentura, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Dai

Feng

Koster³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The aim of the present study was to investigate distracter inhibition ability and facilitation for emotional faces in depression using a negative affective priming (NAP) task combined with event-related potentials (ERP). Participants were instructed to evaluate the valence of the target, which had been primed or inhibited on a preceding trial. The reaction times and the ERP amplitudes were recorded during the task. In a first behavioral experiment, control participants (NC), participants who were currently remitted (RMD), and participants diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder (MDD), performed a modified the NAP task.The main finding was that compared with NC groups, MDD participants had enhanced positive priming and less inhibition of sad faces. RMD individuals were characterized by general inhibitory impairments for all emotional faces and a facilitation for sad faces compared with NC individuals. In a second experiment combing the modified NAP task with ERP, the MDD participants had a larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition compared with the other groups, and smaller P3 amplitude for sad faces in negative priming condition compared with other faces. Interestingly, RMD participants showed a distinct pattern of results compared with NC and MDD participants. They had larger N1 amplitude for happy faces and larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition relative to the other conditions, while they had smaller P3 amplitude for both happy and sad faces in the negative priming condition. Across two experiments, it can be concluded that MDD participants have deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for negative stimuli. The RMD participants showed a mixed pattern of deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for both positive and negative stimuli, the results were largely consistent with our previous study.This deficiency has a high explanatory value for information-processing bias and the neuropsychological -3 -impairments observed in depression.

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Activation and Inhibition of Affective Information: for Negative Priming in the Evaluation Task

Cited by 167 publications

References 62 publications

Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions

Sex differences in the preattentive processing of vocal emotional expressions

Cognitive processes in associative and categorical priming: A diffusion model analysis.

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

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