Activation and coordination patterns of the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing

Spiro, Jeffrey D.; Rendell, Jill

doi:10.1288/00005537-199411000-00010

Cited by 69 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The MH is the first muscle active in the pharyngeal swallowing (Doty and Bosma, 1956;Kawasaki et al, 1964;Lehr et al, 1971;Hrycyshyn and Basmajian, 1972;Vitti and Basmajian, 1977;Spiro et al, 1994). Contraction of the MH elevates tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the hyoid bone, but depresses the jaw when the hyoid bone is in a fixed position (Groher, 1997).…”

Section: Functions Of Mh Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It embryologically develops from the first branchial arch and is innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve derived from the trigeminal nerve (van Lunteren and Strohl, 1986;Groher, 1997). This muscle activates during jaw opening (Moller, 1966), chewing (Moller, 1966), swallowing (Doty and Bosma, 1956;Kawasaki et al, 1964;Hrycyshyn and Basmajian, 1972;Spiro et al, 1994), respiration (Lowe and Sessle, 1973;Van de Graaff et al, 1984), and phonation (Faaborg-Andersen and Sonninen, 1960;FaaborgAndersen and Vennard, 1964;Hirose, 1971;Baer et al, 1976;O'Dwyer et al, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adult human mylohyoid muscle fibers express slow‐tonic, α‐cardiac, and developmental myosin heavy‐chain isoforms

Wang

et al. 2004

Anat. Rec.

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Some adult cranial muscles have been reported to contain unusual myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoforms (i.e., slow-tonic, ␣-cardiac, embryonic, and neonatal), which exhibit distinct contractile properties. In this study, adult human mylohyoid (MH) muscles obtained from autopsies were investigated to detect the unusual MHC isoforms. For comparison, the biceps brachii and masseter muscles of the same subjects were also examined. Serial cross-sections from the muscles studied were incubated with a panel of isoform-specific anti-MHC monoclonal antibodies that distinguish major and unusual MHC isoforms. On average, the slow type I and fast type II MHC-containing fibers in the MH muscle accounted for 54% and 46% of the fibers, respectively. In contrast to limb and trunk muscles, the adult human MH muscle was characterized by a large proportion of hybrid fibers (85%) and a small percentage of pure fibers (15%; P Ͻ 0.01). Of the fast fiber types, the proportion of the type IIa MHC-containing fibers (92%) was much greater than that of the type IIx MHC-containing fibers (8%; P Ͻ 0.01). Our data demonstrated that the adult human MH fibers expressed the unusual MHC isoforms that were also identified in the masseter, but not in the biceps brachii. These isoforms were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and confirmed by electrophoretic immunoblotting. Fiber-to-fiber comparisons showed that the unusual MHC isoforms were coexpressed with the major MHC isoforms (i.e., MHCI, IIa, and IIx), thus forming various major/unusual (or m/u) MHC hybrid fiber types. Interestingly, the unusual MHC isoforms were expressed in a fiber type-specific manner. The slow-tonic and ␣-cardiac MHC isoforms were coexpressed predominantly with slow type I MHC isoform, whereas the developmental MHC isoforms (i.e., embryonic and neonatal) coexisted primarily with fast type IIa MHC isoform. There were no MH fibers that expressed exclusively unusual MHC isoforms. Approximately 81% of the slow type I MHC-containing fibers expressed slow-tonic and ␣-cardiac MHC isoforms, whereas 80% of the fast type IIa MHC-containing fibers expressed neonatal MHC isoform. The m/u hybrid fibers (82% of the total fiber population) were found to constitute the predominant fiber types in the adult human MH muscle. At least seven m/u MHC hybrid fiber types were identified in the adult human MH muscle. The most common m/u hybrid fiber types were found to be the MHCI/slow-tonic/␣-cardiac and MHCIIa/neonatal, which accounted for 39% and 33% of the total fiber population, respectively. The multiplicity of MHC isoforms in the adult MH fibers is believed to be related to embryonic origin, innervation pattern, and unique functional requirements.

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Section: Functions Of Mh Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult human mylohyoid muscle fibers express slow‐tonic, α‐cardiac, and developmental myosin heavy‐chain isoforms

Wang

et al. 2004

Anat. Rec.

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“…The changes were seen both in one subject and also between different patients. The authors suggest that these changes are the result of the adaptive capacity of the patient, not of changes in the process of swallowing [31,32]. In our group, the mean suprahyoid muscle tension (including anterior bellies of digastric muscles) increased during the post-surgical period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Activity patterns of these muscles during swallowing vary and depend, for example, on fluid volumes [30]. The electromyographic examination of the activity of geniohyoid muscles, mylohyoid muscles and the anterior belly of digastric muscle in healthy subjects was performed by Spiro et al [31]. There were differences in the involvement of these muscles in the process of swallowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectrical Activity Changes of Selected Muscles of the Face and Neck in Patients with Unilateral Cancer of the Oral Cavity Before and After Surgery

Margula-Jaśkowska¹,

Halczy-Kowalik²,

Kijak³

2016

Dent. Med. Probl.

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Background. Radical excision of an oral cancer followed by post-surgical radiotherapy is a treatment of choice. Extensive excision of the initial structures in the gastrointestinal tract can impair swallowing and food intake. Early rehabilitation and compensatory mechanisms allow for the efficient return of oral function. It was assumed that this process requires increased activity of the face and neck muscles. Objectives. Assessment of the electromyographic activity of selected muscles: sternocleidomastoid, masseter, suprahyoid and orbicularis oris (upper, lower part) during swallowing in the patients with oral cancer pre-and post-surgically. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 34 patients who were subjected to oral cancer surgery. The patients underwent surface electromyography (sEMG) examination with the use of Zebris EMG 8 bluetooth (Zebris, Isny im Allgäu, Germany) device. The examinations were performed three times: a few days before the surgery (first examination), ca. one month after the surgery (second examination), and approximately three months after the surgery (third examination). Results. The results show a general median tension increase for the selected muscles at the end of the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the medians tensions on the surgical and non-surgical side. The exception was a change in median tensions between the suprahyoid muscles of surgical and non-surgical sides and both parts of orbicularis oris muscle. The highest tension increase was observed within the lower part of orbicularis oris muscle and the suprahyoid muscles on the non-surgical side. The smallest change was observed in masseter of the surgical side -after the increase of median tension in the second study, it returned to the initial value. Patients using compensatory mechanisms showed statistically higher median tensions. Conclusions. About three months after the surgery, all of the patients presented increased tension in the majority of assessed muscles and accompanying improvements in the efficiency of swallowing (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 2, 175-185).

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“…The mylohyoid muscle (MyHy) is a suprahyoid muscle activated during the pharyngeal phase of a swallow, and is part of the leading complex of sequential swallows. It is involved in a number of upper airway functions, including chewing (Moller, 1966), swallowing (Doty & Bosma, 1956;Spiro, Rendell, & Gay, 1994), respiration (Van de Graaff et al, 1984), and phonation (FaaborgAndersen & Sonninen, 1960). The MyHy is located in the floor of the oral cavity between the geniohyoid dorsally and the anterior belly of the digastric ventrally.…”

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confidence: 99%

Swallow and breathing coordination following suprahyoid muscle injury.

Kimbel¹

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DEDICATIONTo my wife, Kate, for all her support and patience. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my thesis advisor at the University of Louisville. She provided invaluable input into the thesis process. Her knowledge base related to the scope of this paper was instrumental in its publication. Further, she was patient and forthright in her feedback. Under her tutelage, I fostered a newly found passion for research. Swallowing motility disorders (dysphagia) are a major complication following radiation treatment for head and neck cancer, affecting ~50% of those treated. One reason for this is that radiation causes muscle damage, provoking sensorimotor pathologies.Previous work has suggested that injury may cause discoordination between breathing and swallowing behaviors. We sought to determine if muscle injury provokes changes in this behavior. We hypothesized that acute suprahyoid muscle damage would alter crossbehavior excitability, causing destabilization of the respiratory-swallow pattern.Swallowing was evoked in anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats via injection of a 3cc bolus of water into the oropharyngeal cavity. A suprahyoid injury was induced unilaterally by applying a ~2mm cryoprobe to the belly of the mylohyoid muscle.Electromyography (EMG) activity (duration, amplitude) was measured concurrently in thyrohyoid, mylohyoid, thyropharyngeal, and diaphragm muscles. Swallow-breathing coordination (SBC) was measured by determining inspiration/expiration phase during the onset and offset of a swallowing event, based off the mylohyoid initiation and thyropharyngeal termination bursts, respectively. Results showed an injury-related effect in the mylohyoid muscle, as indicated by a significant decrease in the mean amplitude vi post-injury compared to pre-injury. During swallowing, the expiratory phase was found to predominate the respiratory cycle in both pre-and post-injury. No significant changes to the swallow-breathing coordination were found following injury. Results demonstrate that mylohyoid muscle injury does not appear to interfere with short-term changes in the respiratory-swallow pattern. Although deficits in muscle function were found immediately following injury, an extended time or more severe injury may be needed to adversely inhibit these behaviors. Thus, disrupting the stable coupling between respirations and swallowing, which has been found clinically, may not be apparent immediately after injury and require long-term changes in function.

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Activation and coordination patterns of the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

Adult human mylohyoid muscle fibers express slow‐tonic, α‐cardiac, and developmental myosin heavy‐chain isoforms

Adult human mylohyoid muscle fibers express slow‐tonic, α‐cardiac, and developmental myosin heavy‐chain isoforms

Bioelectrical Activity Changes of Selected Muscles of the Face and Neck in Patients with Unilateral Cancer of the Oral Cavity Before and After Surgery

Swallow and breathing coordination following suprahyoid muscle injury.

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