Activating KIR/HLA complexes in classic Kaposi's Sarcoma

Guerini, Franca Rosa; Mancuso, Roberta; Agostini, Simone; Agliardi, Cristina; Zanzottera, Milena; Hernis, Ambra; Tourlaki, Athanasia; Calvo, Maria Gaetana; Bellinvia, Monica; Brambilla, Lucia; Clerici, Mario

doi:10.1186/1750-9378-7-9

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An imbalance in the ratio of NK inhibitory and activating receptors is present in a number of diseases [27], and it was clari ed that KIR/HLA interactions in uences both susceptibility and protection towards infective diseases [28][29][30][31][32]. Within the scenario of infectious diseases, an increased expression of inhibitory NK cell receptor on the CD56-CD16 + NK cells was shown to be present in HIV-infected viremic patients and to result in the inhibition of CD16-induced cytotoxicity [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Saresella

Trabattoni

Marventano

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Whereas in most cases COVID-19 is asymptomatic or pauci symptomatic, extremely severe clinical forms are observed. In this case complex immune dysregulations and an excessive inflammatory response are observed and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural Killer cells are key players in the control of viral infection and their activity is regulated by a tight balance between activating and inhibitory receptors; an alteration of NK activity was suggested to be associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. In this study we analyzed peripheral NK cell subpopulations and the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors in 30 in-patients suffering from chronic neurological conditions who recovered from mild, moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing the results to those of 10 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients. Results showed that an expansion of NK subset with lower cytolytic activity and an augmented expression of the 2DL1 inhibitory receptor, particularly when in association with the C2 ligand (KIR2DL1-C2), characterized the immunological scenario of severe COVID-19 infection; an increase of NK expressing the ILT2 inhibitory receptor was instead seen in patients recovering from mild or moderate infection compared to controls. Results herein suggest that the KIR2DL1-C2 NK inhibitory complex is a risk factor toward the development of severe form of COVID-19. Our results confirm that a complex alteration of NK activity is present in COVID-19 infection and offer a molecular explanation for this observation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Saresella

Trabattoni

Marventano

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The first studies on associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and KS were performed prior to the discovery of KSHV as the causative agent [16–21]. Most recently, HLA association studies of KS have mainly focused on AIDS-KS [22–26], with few investigating transplant-related KS [27–30] or classic KS [31–34]. Some of these studies have identified both HLA class I [22, 23, 27, 33, 35] and class II [24, 33] as associated with an increased risk for KS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between human leukocyte antigen alleles and risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Cameroon

et al. 2019

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Several studies published to date report associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and different types of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS). However, there is little concordance between the HLA alleles identified and the populations studied. To test whether HLA alleles associate with KS in a Cameroonian case–control study, we performed high-resolution HLA typing in KSHV seropositive individuals. Among HIV-positive individuals, carriers of HLA-B*14:01 were at a significantly higher risk of AIDS-KS (p = 0.033). For HIV-negative patients, a gene-wise comparison of allele frequencies identified the HLA-B (p = 0.008) and -DQA1 (p = 0.002) loci as possible risk factors for endemic KS. Our study provides additional understanding of genetic determinants of KS and their implications in disease pathogenesis. Further validation of these findings is needed to define the functional relevance of these associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Saresella

Trabattoni

Marventano

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Whereas in most cases COVID-19 is asymptomatic or pauci symptomatic, extremely severe clinical forms are observed. In this case complex immune dysregulations and an excessive inflammatory response are observed and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural Killer cells are key players in the control of viral infection and their activity is regulated by a tight balance between activating and inhibitory receptors; an alteration of NK activity was suggested to be associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. In this study we analyzed peripheral NK cell subpopulations and the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors in 30 in-patients suffering from chronic neurological conditions who recovered from mild, moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing the results to those of 10 patients SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients. Results showed that an expansion of NK subset with lower cytolytic activity and an augmented expression of the 2DL1 inhibitory receptor, particularly when in association with the C2 ligand (KIR2DL1-C2), characterized the immunological scenario of severe COVID-19 infection; an increase of NK expressing the ILT2 inhibitory receptor was instead seen in patients recovering from mild or moderate infection compared to controls. Results herein suggest that the KIR2DL1-C2 NK inhibitory complex is a risk factor toward the development of severe form of COVID-19. Our results confirm that a complex alteration of NK activity is present in COVID-19 infection and offer a molecular explanation for this observation.

show abstract

Activating KIR/HLA complexes in classic Kaposi's Sarcoma

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Relationship between human leukocyte antigen alleles and risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Cameroon

NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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