Activating and stabilizing the surface of anode for high-performing direct-ammonia solid oxide fuel cells

Visiting the roles of Sr‐ or Ca‐ doping on the oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability of a perovskite cathode for proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells

“…Regulation of the p O2 is achieved by adjusting the ratio of pure oxygen to nitrogen and controlling the total flow rate to 100 ml min −1 . Besides, we applied MATLAB R2018b to perform the DRT analysis, and the regularization parameter was chosen to be 10 −3 52–55 . When the p O2 gradually decreases, the R p rises noticeably.…”

“…Besides, we applied MATLAB R2018b to perform the DRT analysis, and the regularization parameter was chosen to be 10 −3 . [52][53][54][55] When the p O2 gradually decreases, the R p rises noticeably. For example, as shown in Figure 3A, when the p O2 increased from 0.1 to 0.8, the R p of PBCC decreased from 0.139 to 0.061 Ω cm 2 , which is consistent with the fact that increased oxygen concentration can promote the ORR reaction.…”

An Active and Contaminants-Tolerant High-Entropy Electrode for Ceramic Fuel Cells

“…The single cell with the PSNGLBC cathode achieves remarkable MPDs of 0.92, 1.48, and 2.03 W cm –2 at temperatures of 700, 750, and 800 °C, respectively, much higher than those of the single cell with the PBC cathode (e.g., 0.68, 1.09, and 1.71 W cm –2 at 700, 750, and 800 °C, respectively). The MPDs of the anode-supported single cells with PSNGLBC, PBC, and other recently reported cathodes − are summarized in Figure c. These results indicate that our cells with a high-entropy PSNGLBC cathode outperform most of the other advanced cathodes based on similar cell configurations and operating conditions (Table S6).…”

2023 roadmap on ammonia as a carbon-free fuel

“…However, understanding of these DAFCs has improved significantly over the last several years, so much so that Gottesfeld [120] recently reported an AEMFC with a power density of 420 mW cm −2 at 100 • C. Unlike the low-temperature DAFCs (where NH 3 is oxidized directly) the high operational temperatures associated with SOFCs cause the ammonia fuel to first be decomposed to its constituent parts, after which the resultant hydrogen is oxidized to produce steam. The greatest DAFC power densities to date have been realized using SOFC-Os, with numerous experimental studies of high-performance units in the open literature [121][122][123][124][125]. In 2007, Meng et al [123] reported a direct-ammonia SOFC-O with a power density of 1190 mW cm −2 when operated at 650 • C. Whilst this was a promising result, it was lower than expected and considered to be a result of incomplete decomposition of NH 3 in the anode chamber.…”

“…In 2007, Meng et al [123] reported a direct-ammonia SOFC-O with a power density of 1190 mW cm −2 when operated at 650 • C. Whilst this was a promising result, it was lower than expected and considered to be a result of incomplete decomposition of NH 3 in the anode chamber. This power density ceiling was raised to 1893 mW cm −2 by Xu et al [124], who operated a single-cell SOFC-O at 800 • C using pure ammonia as fuel. The reported power densities of SOFC-Hs have not matched those of SOFC-Os, ranging from 15-580 mW cm −2 at 450 • C-750 • C [126][127][128][129][130][131].…”