Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Prothrombin Time, Thrombin Time and Platelet Count Study in HIV Seropositive Subjects at Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital Nnewi

Abstract

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of HIV infection on hemostatic parameters, determination of the influence and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these parameters. It was carried out at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. One hundred and eighty two subjects were recruited consisting; Sixty one (31 males and 30 females) HIV positive subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with an ART duration of 6 months -2 years ≤5 years, ≤10 years; Sixty one (28 males and 33 females) HIV positive subjects ART naïve and Sixty (30 males and 30 females) seronegative (HIV negative control) subjects. The prothrombin time (PT) was determined using Quick One Stage method, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was determined by Modified Kaolin method, thrombin time (TT) was done by Two stage method, HIV status was determined using Immunochromatographic method and Platelet count was determined using Direct current detection method. Student t-Test and ANOVA were used to analyze significance of differences in mean values between groups and among groups, respectively. PT and APTT for ART and Non-ART subjects were significantly increased compared with control (P<0.05 in each case). However, the PT and APTT compared between gender and also among duration of ART showed no significant difference (P>0.05 in each case). The TT was significantly higher in HIV-positive on ART compared to control (P<0.05). The gender and duration of ART did not show significant difference in the TT of the subjects (P>0.05 in each case). Platelet count was significantly lower in HIV-positive subjects (ART and Non-ART) compared to the values obtained in HIV negative subjects (P<0.05 in each case). However, the platelet count when compared between gender and also among duration of ART showed no significant difference (P>0.05 in each case). The reason for the increase in PT and APTT in HIV disease may be as a result of endothelial activation and liver derangement and decreased platelet count is due to cytopenias seen in HIV disease.

Evaluation of First-Line Coagulation Tests in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Naïve and Treated Group of HIV Infected Subjects

“…The aPTT value was also significantly higher in HIVinfected subjects (both on HAART and HAART naïve) than control subjects. The finding was in line with study done by Getawa and Adane [23], Abdollahi et al [24], Ifeanyichukwu et al [25] and Seyoun et al [26] Who reported that PT and aPTTwere significantly higher in HIV-infected adults than HIV-seronegative adults. The normal adult range of platelet count is 280 ±130 X 10 9 /l.…”

Plasma levels of fibrinolytic and coagulation biomarkers in HIV‐infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case‐control study in a Northern Ghanaian population

“…HAART containing protease inhibitor-1 is the combination regimen of HAART that has been widely reported to be associated with increased plasma levels of PAI-1 in HIV-infected individuals. 29 This finding is consistent with the Ifeanyichukwu et al, 31 and Seyoum et al, 29 studies in Nigeria who also found no effect of HAART duration on circulating PAI-1 antigen levels. Shortly after the introduction of HAART, there is a sharp suppression of viral replication with immune function rebuilding, and this is sustained in consistent and effective therapy.…”

“…Participants were found to be on the first-choice antiretroviral drug combinations. A study by Ifeanyichukwu et al, 31 observed improvement in the coagulation profile in HIV infected individuals who were on the first line choice combination HAART. This suggests that these combinations of HAART could impact positively on the general haemostasis of people living with HIV/AIDS.…”

Vitamin D and Hemostasis Parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfections

“…In contrast, Ephraim et al [26] reported that PT was significantly lower in subjects treated with ART compared to ART-naive (p < 0.0001) but platelet count was higher in the ART group (p > 0.05). The decrease in platelet count in HIV infection may be due to autoimmune destruction and thrombopoiesis disruption as a result of direct infection to megakaryocytes, as well as coagulopathy consumption in AIDS [1], [27].…”