Activated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels detected in focal epilepsy with [<sup>18</sup>F]GE‐179 positron emission tomography

Vibholm, Ali K; Dietz, Martin; Beniczky, Sándor; Christensen, Jakob; Højlund, Andreas; Jacobsen, Jørgen; Bender, Dirk; Møller, Arne; Brooks, David J.

doi:10.1111/epi.17074

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, they compared [ 18 F]GE‐179 PET images of DRE patients and healthy volunteers which showed bilateral and multiple foci of active NMDARs in 80% of patients with DRE, supporting the feasibility of using abnormal NMDAR activity as the biomarker of EF. [ 100 ] Thus, [ 18 F]GE‐179 may be a candidate imaging probe for identifying epileptic lesions in DRE patients.…”

Section: Imaging Epileptic Foci By Locating Molecular Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

Zhao

Sun

2022

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Epilepsy is a recurrent, episodic, and complex neurological syndrome characterized by an enduring predisposition to epileptic seizures and consequent neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social problems. [1] An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of symptoms (such as temporary confusion, staring spells, uncontrollable jerking, and loss of awareness) caused by abnormal neuronal electrical activities. [2] As a serious health problem, epilepsy affects ≈1% of the global population, [3] and nearly 5 million people worldwide are diagnosed with epilepsy every year. Although there are now more than 20 antiseizure medications (ASMs) in active clinical use, [4] ≈20-30% of epilepsy patients fail to achieve sustained seizure freedom after adequate trial of two appropriately chosen ASMs. [5] These drugresistant epilepsy (DRE) patients are at an increased risk of injury and death, [6] unbearable medication burden and adverse effects, increased psychiatric and neurocognitive comorbidities, [7] and socioeconomic disadvantage. Therefore, the management of DRE in the clinic is a major challenge.Resection of the epileptic foci (EF), defined as the minimum area of the brain tissue that must be resected or disconnected for the abolishment of seizures, [8] is the most efficient approach for the treatment of DRE patients. [9] First, epilepsy surgery increases the prospects of patients being seizure-free. [10] Approximately 52% of the patients have no disabling seizures for 5 years after surgery, and nearly half of the patients remain free from seizures for 10 years. [11] Second, surgical treatment reduces DRE patients' mortality by two to three times [12] and extends life expectancy by an average of 5 years in comparison to patients who have received drug therapy. [13] Third, epilepsy surgery reduces individual medical expenditures for families. [14] Overall, these results suggest that DRE is potentially curable with surgical intervention. Accurate identification of the EF is a prerequisite for achieving satisfactory postsurgical outcomes. [15] However, only a small percentage of patients is recommended for surgical treatment because of the difficulty in defining EF. First, an initial clinical assessment, including history of epilepsy, semiology information, drug history, and comorbidity, will be performed in the clinic to confirm whether the patients are suitable for surgery. Next, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and long-term inpatient video electroencephalography (EEG) are conducted. [16] If MRI shows Excising epileptic foci (EF) is the most efficient approach for treating drugresistant epilepsy (DRE). However, owing to the vast heterogeneity of epilepsies, EF in one-third of patients cannot be accurately located, even after exhausting all current diagnostic strategies. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that truly represent the status of epilepsy and fabricating probes with high targeting specificity are prerequisites for identifying the "concealed" EF. However, no systematic summary of thi...

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Section: Imaging Epileptic Foci By Locating Molecular Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

Zhao

Sun

2022

Advanced Materials

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EANM practice guidelines for an appropriate use of PET and SPECT for patients with epilepsy

Traub-Weidinger,

Arbizu,

Barthel

et al. 2024

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological conditions with an estimated prevalence of more than 50 million people worldwide and an annual incidence of two million. Although pharmacotherapy with anti-seizure medication (ASM) is the treatment of choice, ~30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond to ASM and become drug resistant. Focal epilepsy is the most frequent form of epilepsy. In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, epilepsy surgery is a treatment option depending on the localisation of the seizure focus for seizure relief or seizure freedom with consecutive improvement in quality of life. Beside examinations such as scalp video/electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry, structural, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are primary standard tools for the diagnostic work-up and therapy management of epilepsy patients, molecular neuroimaging using different radiopharmaceuticals with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) influences and impacts on therapy decisions. To date, there are no literature-based praxis recommendations for the use of Nuclear Medicine (NM) imaging procedures in epilepsy. The aims of these guidelines are to assist in understanding the role and challenges of radiotracer imaging for epilepsy; to provide practical information for performing different molecular imaging procedures for epilepsy; and to provide an algorithm for selecting the most appropriate imaging procedures in specific clinical situations based on current literature. These guidelines are written and authorized by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) to promote optimal epilepsy imaging, especially in the presurgical setting in children, adolescents, and adults with focal epilepsy. They will assist NM healthcare professionals and also specialists such as Neurologists, Neurophysiologists, Neurosurgeons, Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and others involved in epilepsy management in the detection and interpretation of epileptic seizure onset zone (SOZ) for further treatment decision. The information provided should be applied according to local laws and regulations as well as the availability of various radiopharmaceuticals and imaging modalities.

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Nuclear imaging for localization and surgical outcome prediction in epilepsy: A review of latest discoveries and future perspectives

Sukprakun

Tepmongkol

2022

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Approximately, one-third of patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to antiepileptic drugs and further require surgical removal of the epileptogenic region. In the last decade, there have been many recent developments in radiopharmaceuticals, novel image analysis techniques, and new software for an epileptogenic zone (EZ) localization.ObjectivesRecently, we provided the latest discoveries, current challenges, and future perspectives in the field of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in epilepsy.MethodsWe searched for relevant articles published in MEDLINE and CENTRAL from July 2012 to July 2022. A systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was conducted using the keywords “Epilepsy” and “PET or SPECT.” We included both prospective and retrospective studies. Studies with preclinical subjects or not focusing on EZ localization or surgical outcome prediction using recently developed PET radiopharmaceuticals, novel image analysis techniques, and new software were excluded from the review. The remaining 162 articles were reviewed.ResultsWe first present recent findings and developments in PET radiopharmaceuticals. Second, we present novel image analysis techniques and new software in the last decade for EZ localization. Finally, we summarize the overall findings and discuss future perspectives in the field of PET and SPECT in epilepsy.ConclusionCombining new radiopharmaceutical development, new indications, new techniques, and software improves EZ localization and provides a better understanding of epilepsy. These have proven not to only predict prognosis but also to improve the outcome of epilepsy surgery.

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Activated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels detected in focal epilepsy with [¹⁸F]GE‐179 positron emission tomography

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

EANM practice guidelines for an appropriate use of PET and SPECT for patients with epilepsy

Nuclear imaging for localization and surgical outcome prediction in epilepsy: A review of latest discoveries and future perspectives

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Activated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels detected in focal epilepsy with [18F]GE‐179 positron emission tomography

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes

EANM practice guidelines for an appropriate use of PET and SPECT for patients with epilepsy

Nuclear imaging for localization and surgical outcome prediction in epilepsy: A review of latest discoveries and future perspectives

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Product

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Activated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor ion channels detected in focal epilepsy with [¹⁸F]GE‐179 positron emission tomography