Activated Macrophages in Human Periodontitis

Abstract

Fifteen patients, eight males and seven females, ranging from 30 to 88 years of age with advanced periodontal disease were selected for this study. Biopsies and blood samples were taken of both normal and inflamed gingival tissues, and processed for detection of nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase activity in monocytes and macrophages. Activated macrophages, as indicated by their intense reaction to acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, were found in the gingival epithelium, lamina propria, perivascular tissues and in the blood vessels in human chronic periodontitis. Blood smears of monocytes showed variability of stain intensity suggesting that their activation occurred in blood vessels where they marginate and emigrate into the perivascular tissues in chronic periodontitis. They then appear as macrophages that migrate through the connective tissue, penetrate the basement membrane and continue through the epithelium. The nonspecific esterase stain identified T‐cells, by a singular dot‐like granule, and plasma cells by multiple granules in the cyotplasm. Lymphocytes containing multiple cytoplasmic nonspecific esterase positive granules commonly were found only in the perivascular connective tissue and may represent B‐cell differentiation to plasma cells. The plasma cell predominance, the presence of T‐cells and activated macrophages indicated both humoral and cell‐mediated responses are operative in human chronic periodontitis.

Metabolic Syndrome Exacerbates Inflammation and Bone Loss in Periodontitis

“…In this study, we selected macrophages because macrophagemediated inflammatory response plays a crucial role in development of periodontal disease (Charon et al 1981;Shapira et al 1996;Jagannathan et al 2014). Results showed that LPS induced IL-6 secretion from bone marrow-derived macrophages, while PA had no effect, although it did enhance the stimulatory effect of LPS by 2-fold (Fig.…”

Study of Macrophages in Prostatic Fluid from Nonbacterial Prostatitis Patients

“…However, there have been an increasing number of papers describing macrophages in various inflammatory tissues such as lung [9,10], gingi val tissue [11], subcutaneous wounds [12] and skin [13]. Participation of alveolar macrophages in derangement of interstitial collagen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [9], participation of activated alveolar macrophages from smokers in injured lung parenchyma [10], and, on the contrary, participation in wound repair by contribution to fibroplasia, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis [12], were reported.…”

“…Participation of alveolar macrophages in derangement of interstitial collagen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [9], participation of activated alveolar macrophages from smokers in injured lung parenchyma [10], and, on the contrary, participation in wound repair by contribution to fibroplasia, collagen synthesis and angiogenesis [12], were reported. In gingival tissue, it was suggested that activated macrophages indicated not only an attempt to remove the irritants, but also their participation in de struction of the periodontium through the release of lysosomal enzymes [11],…”

Immuno-Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease: Current and Emerging Paradigms

“…Although neutrophils and lymphocytes are important cells in the pathogenesis of PD [21, 85] roles for other immune cells such as MØ are less well understood [86–88]. MØ comprise between 5–30% of the inflammatory cells identified in PD lesions [89].…”