Activated Human B Lymphocytes Express Cyclooxygenase-2 and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Attenuate Ab Production

Ryan, Elizabeth P.; Pollack, Stephen J.; Murant, Thomas I.; Bernstein, Steven H.; Felgar, Raymond E.; Phipps, Richard P.

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.5134-a

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“…COX-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body, and its expression sites include blood vessels, prostate, immune cells (monocytes, T-cells), platelets, stomach, resident inflammatory cells, smooth muscles, and mesothelium of many organs (102)(103)(104)(105). On the other hand, COX-2 is inducible in many tissues including prostate, immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, monocytes), and stomach (102)(103)(104)106), but also constitutively expressed in some tissues as previously mentioned.…”

Section: Cyclooxygenase (Cox)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biosynthesis of Enzymatically Oxidized Lipids

et al. 2020

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Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes from metabolism and cell death to inflammation and the immune response. They are broadly categorized as either polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing (free acid oxygenated PUFA “oxylipins”, endocannabinoids, oxidized phospholipids) or cholesterol derivatives (oxysterols, steroid hormones, and bile acids). Their biosynthesis is accomplished by families of enzymes that include lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), cytochrome P450s (CYP), and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). In contrast, non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation and are broadly considered to be harmful. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemistry and enzymology of LOXs, COXs, CYPs, and AKRs in humans. Next, we present biosynthetic pathways for oxylipins, oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, bile acids and steroid hormones. Last, we address gaps in knowledge and suggest directions for future work.

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