Activated carbon supported ternary gold–cesium(i)–indium(iii) catalyst for the hydrochlorination of acetylene

Abstract

Commercialization of acetylene hydrochlorination using AuCl 3 catalysts has been impeded by its poor stability. We have been studying CsCl as a promoter, which can improve acetylene hydrochlorination activity as well as have resistance to catalytic deactivation. In III -added to the Au-Cs I /AC catalysts worked as efficient catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride. A 10 series of trimetallic catalysts (1AuxIn III 4Cs I /AC with x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3) were prepared and assessed for their ability to promote hydrochlorination of acetylene. The enhancement of stability observed for Au/In III /Cs I weight ratio of 1:1:4 was particularly remarkable. It delivered a stable performance within the conversion of acetylene, reaching more than 92.8% and there was only 3.7% C 2 H 2 conversion loss after 50 h running under the reaction conditions of temperature 180 °C and C 2 H 2 hourly space velocity of 1480 h -1 . 15 Moreover, the 1Au1In III 4Cs I /AC catalyst delivered a stable performance with an estimated lifetime exceeding 6520 h at C 2 H 2 hourly space velocity of 50 h -1 . H 2 -TPR, TEM, HCl-TPD, C 2 H 2 -TPD, XPS and TGA techniques were further applied to reveal the structural information on the Au-In III -Cs I /AC catalysts. The results reveal that the addition of InCl 3 increased the electron density of Au 3+ species via electron transfer from In atoms to Au 3+ center can increase the adsorption of hydrogen chloride and therefore 20 improve the catalytic stability. These results demonstrate that the addition of metal additives CsCl and InCl 3 results in a synergistic effect to enhance the activity and the stability of Au-based catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance of the 1Au1In III 4Cs I /AC catalyst demonstrated its potential as an alternative to mercury chloride catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.

Activated Carbon Supported Mo-Ti-N Binary Transition Metal Nitride as Catalyst for Acetylene Hydrochlorination

“…However, there was also a slight difference between the four BTMNs catalysts, Mo 3 Ti 1 N/AC exhibited the strongest binding to HCl with a desorption temperature of nearly 272 • C, as shown in Figure 4b. BTMNs had clearly different adsorption capability from TMNs; the results show clearly that BTMNs were not formed by simple addition of the single TMNs, but constituted new chemical products such as Mo-Ti-N or other form, in agreement with the TPD-MS analysis [36]. For two kinds of reactant, acetylene and HCl, Mo-based catalysts exhibited completely different adsorption ability.…”

“…formed by simple addition of the single TMNs, but constituted new chemical products such as MoTi-N or other form, in agreement with the TPD-MS analysis [36]. For two kinds of reactant, acetylene and HCl, Mo-based catalysts exhibited completely different adsorption ability.…”

Metal nanoparticles in ionic liquid‐cosolvent biphasic systems as active catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

“…The anionic surfactant long‐chain carboxylate IL (LCC‐IL) [P 4444 ][C 17 COO] with high thermal stability (>300°C) (structure shown in Figure B), was selected as the reaction media due to its unique self‐assembled nanostructure, which stems from the long‐chain carboxylate anion and was expected to enhance the dispersity/stability of NPs. Additionally, the [P 4444 ]C 17 COO] has a very strong hydrogen‐bond basicity with a Kamlet‐Traft parameters β value up to 1.60, which is expected to be effective in adsorbing and activating both HCl and C 2 H 2 . Indeed, 1 mol [P 4444 ][C 17 COO] could adsorb 2 mol HCl at 453.15 K and 1 bar 17 and approximately 0.5 mol C 2 H 2 at 298.15 K and 1 bar .…”

“…Pd is a relatively cheap noble metal, but its active component is easily lost due to a relatively high volatility and weak interactions with supports or solvents . Until now, a wide variety of strategies have been developed to improve the stability of metal catalysts for C 2 H 2 hydrochlorination, including nitrogen or phosphorus‐doped carbon materials or other nanomaterials, fabricating bimetallic catalysts, and so on.…”

An Alternative Carbon Carrier in Green Preparation of Efficient Gold/Carbon Catalyst for Acetylene Hydrochlorination

“…[2,12] Many studies have reported improving the Au stability by adding ligands such as IL [13,14] and additives. [15][16][17][18][19] In addition, the selection of new materials such as oxides, [20] nanotubes, [21,22] and graphene [23] to overcome the Au instability problem has been reported. Compared to such materials, however, carbon-based carriers are much more suitable carriers because of their advantages of higher chemical stability and easy combustion to recover the supported metals.…”