Activated carbon supported molybdenum and tungsten carbides for hydrotreatment of fatty acids into green diesel

Wang, Fei; Jiang, Jianchun; Wang, Kui; Zhai, Qiaolong; Sun, Hao; Liu, Peng; Feng, Junfeng; Xia, Haihong; Ye, Jun; Li, Zhengxiang; Li, Fanglin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.150

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recent efforts have shifted away from converting lipid feedstocks to biodiesel (i.e., fatty acid methyl esters, FAMES) in favor of hydrocarbons with a composition similar to petroleum-derived diesel fuel (i.e., so-called “renewable diesel” or “green diesel”). This has most often been accomplished through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the triacylglyceride structure at elevated temperatures and H 2 pressures (eq a–e): − Green diesel is attractive due to its direct compatibility with petroleum diesel, allowing for full integration with existing refinery and transportation infrastructure. , Green diesel production by HDO has been demonstrated for a variety of lipid-rich terrestrial crops (e.g., peanuts and soybeans), , and there is growing interest in applying the process to inedible and waste lipid feedstocks (e.g., waste cooking oil, animal fat, algae lipids, nonedible vegetable oils). Widespread deployment of green diesel production by HDO has been limited by multiple challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Cracking of Fatty Acids and Lipids over Ru/C

Zhang

Huo

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Here, we report on the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of fatty acids and lipids to a range of hydrocarbons using Ru/C without the need for addition of external H2 supplies. Catalyst screening experiments showed the following trend with respect to conversion of stearic acid: Pt/C > Ru/C > Pd/C > Rh/C (nominal 5 wt % metal loadings). Reactions with Ru/C were then examined further due to its high activity and comparatively low cost. Fatty acid decarboxylation and alkane cracking reactions yield a mixture of liquid n-alkanes of varying chain lengths (mainly as C7–C17) and gaseous products (mainly as CO2, CH4, and H2), with the product distribution dependent on reaction time and initial headspace gas composition. Conversion of an intact lipid (1,2-distearoyl-3-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol) occurs faster than that of stearic acid due to in situ generation of H2 by aqueous phase reforming of glycerol, a coproduct of the initial triacylglyceride hydrolysis reaction, which, in turn, accelerates fatty acid decarboxylation. Almost complete deactivation of Ru/C was observed after repeated use, but partial recovery of activity was achieved by heat treatment. These findings demonstrate that low-cost Ru catalysts can be applied to produce a mixture of alkanes that can be tailored to match the properties of existing petroleum hydrocarbon fuel blends (e.g., diesel, jet fuel).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Cracking of Fatty Acids and Lipids over Ru/C

Zhang

Huo

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The most suitable and sustainable energy source to be used in the production of transportation fuel is biomass. Within biomass the lipids that are comprised mainly of fatty acids and triglycerides, pose a promising application for biofuel production [10].…”

Section: S Marx Is Nrf Research Chair In Biofuels School Of Chemicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the only diesel that can be used to completely replace ordinary petroleum diesel, because both share identical energy content and composition. [10] A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock…”

Section: S Marx Is Nrf Research Chair In Biofuels School Of Chemicamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock

Rensburg¹,

Schabort²

2018

ASETH-18,ACABES-18 &Amp; EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)

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This study focuses on bio-oil obtained from spent coffee grounds, either by reflux extraction or continuous hydrothermal liquefaction. Spent coffee grounds was chosen as feedstock for this study as it is available around the world and considered a second generation feedstock, as it is a food waste. The production of coffee in 2017 was more than 9.5 million tons, which translates into an increase of 2.3% from 2016. A large portion of coffee beans end up as spent coffee grounds during the production of instant coffee, making this waste product an ideal feedstock for the biofuel industry. Spent coffee grounds was collected from a local coffee shop in Potchefstroom and used as feedstock in the production and extraction of bio-oil from the spent coffee grounds. Reflux extraction was done on the dried spent coffee grounds using hexane, ethanol and acetone as solvents. Different retention times were investigated for each solvent and the yield of the oil was reported. The maximum yield 11.7 wt% was obtained when hexane was used as a solvent. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction was done using spent coffee grounds as a feedstock and a bio-crude yield of 28.5 wt% was obtained. The average higher heating value of the extracted oils was 39 MJ/kg, while the higher heating value for the hydrothermal liquefaction oil was a bit lower at 36 MJ/kg.

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“…A fact that has been gaining attention in recent years is the use of biofuels that have compositions resembling that of fossil-derived fuel and that avoid the presence of glycerol (petro-diesel), which is called “renewable diesel” ( Donnis et al, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2018 ). This renewable diesel is composed mainly of an n-paraffin long chain that could ultimately replace petroleum-derived diesel fuel because both share identical composition and energy densities that are obtained from renewable sources (such as vegetable oils or animal fats) using catalytic hydrotreatment (HDT), and can be co-processed together with the heavy crude oil of equivalent molecular weights in conventional oil refineries ( Yusuf et al, 2011 ; Helwani et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Al2O3-MgO Supported Ni, Mo, and NiMo Mixed Phosphidic-Sulphidic Phase for Hydrotreating of Stearic and Oleic Acids Into Green Diesel

2022

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Activated carbon supported molybdenum and tungsten carbides for hydrotreatment of fatty acids into green diesel

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Catalytic Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Cracking of Fatty Acids and Lipids over Ru/C

Catalytic Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Cracking of Fatty Acids and Lipids over Ru/C

A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock

Al2O3-MgO Supported Ni, Mo, and NiMo Mixed Phosphidic-Sulphidic Phase for Hydrotreating of Stearic and Oleic Acids Into Green Diesel

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