Activated carbon production by co-carbonization of feathers using water-soluble phenolic resin under controlled graphitization

Abstract

a b s t r a c tWe attempted to use feathers for the production of activated carbon (AC). A water-soluble resol-type phenolic resin was hybridized to prevent the liquefaction of the feathers and to control the graphitization degree of charcoal. The hybridization could effectively increase the yield of charcoal over 30% and maintained the graphitization degree at approximately 0.1, suitable for the production of AC. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the iodine-adsorption capacity of hybrid charcoal-based AC were 706 m 2 /g and 550 mg/g, respectively, which were 1.7-1.8 times greater than those of the feather-based AC at a similar activation level.

Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review

“…The hybridization could effectively increase the yield of charcoal by over 30% and maintained the graphitization degree at approximately 0.1, suitable for the production of AC. They reported the production of materials with a surface area and iodine-adsorption capacity of 706 m 2 /g and 550 mg/g, respectively, almost twice as high in resin-free carbonized feather materials [255]. Kawahara also used similar systems to produce well-defined precursor fibres with nanoscale diameter for carbon nanofibers using electrospinning with resol-phenol formaldehyde resin, keratin and PVOH dissolved in water as the spinning dope.…”

Extreme biomimetics: Preservation of molecular detail in centimeter-scale samples of biological meshes laid down by sponges

“…However, original carbon fiber materials are relatively expensive to obtain, and this can become a limiting factor in the development of 3D carbon fiber–based structures on a large scale ( 10 ). Although hydrothermal treatment of diverse proteins usually induces their decomposition without forming carbonaceous materials ( 11 ), such structural fiber-based proteins as keratin ( 12 ) and collagen ( 13 ) as well as silk ( 14 , 15 ) have been reported as suitable for carbonization between 200° and 800°C, and in some cases even up to 2800°C ( 16 ). However, with the exception of some millimeter-scale silk nanofiber membranes ( 15 ) and up to 2-cm-large flexible carbonized silk worm cocoons ( 14 ), there are no reports on sponge-like and ready-to-use carbon scaffolds with hierarchical pores and 3D-connected skeletons.…”

Electrospinning of Direct Carbonizable Phenolic Resin-based Nanofibers

“…The yield of PVA-based charcoal at 800°C was no more than 5% [13]. Therefore, considering the composition of the cast film, the carbon yield exceeding 30% seems to be brought about by the co-carbonization effect between the w-ph and w-fk [8].…”

“…W-fk tends to self-assemble as the solvent water vaporizes [7]. Moreover, L-proline contained in w-fk will promote the carbonization of resolphenol formaldehyde resin through co-carbonization reactions [8], which is attractive when the as-electrospun fibers are converted into CNFs through carbonization. It was found that the spinning dope hybridizing w-fk to the amount of 30%, i.e.…”