Activated carbon produced from an Illinois Basin coal

Sun, Jian; Hippo, E.J.; Marsh, H.; O`Brien, W.S.; Crelling, John C.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(96)00157-1

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, for sample E, the surface area and total pore volume of the activated carbons decreased when the activation time increased from 60 minutes to 120 minutes, while the carbon yield decreased from 86% for E-60 to 79% for E-120. This trend has previously been reported on the steam activation of anthracites and bituminous coals (Gergova, et al, 1993;Sun et al, 1997).…”

Section: 27supporting

confidence: 83%

“…The extensive activation would lead to the decrease of the surface area and pore volume as a result of the widening of pore and the collapse of pore walls (Gergova, et al, 1993;Sun et al, 1997). This behavior happened for the activated carbons obtained from unburned carbon E with different activation times, as described previously in Section 4.2.1, and it was also expected in these experiments.…”

Section: Activation Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…When extending the activation times to 120 minutes, for activated carbons A-120, B-120 and D-120, the increase of surface area and pore volume was mainly due to mesopores. This was attributed to burning away of the walls between micropores with increasing carbon burn-off, as shown for coal, wood and other carbonaceous materials (Sun, et al, 1997;Bansal, et al, 1988). In contrast, for activated carbon C-120, the increase of porosity was mainly due to micropore formation, probably because the opening of closed pores to generate micropores was more dominant during this activation process than the enlargement of existing pores to generate mesopores.…”

Section: (A) (B) (D) and (E)mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Coal is a popular precursor for the production of activated carbon because of its inherent microstructure and surface chemical properties (Sun, et al, 1997). In most cases a carbonization (devolatilization) stage is carried out prior to the activation of the coal samples.…”

Section: Coal Devolatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference in petrographic composition of unburned carbon samples reflects the combustion conditions and the composition of coal used, in terms of rank and maceral groups, as well as the extent of weathering or oxidation. It is believed that some coals, such as bituminous coals, tend to convert into an optically anisotropic carbon during combustion, probably because they became fluid upon heat treatment to form anisotropic carbon (Sun, et al, 1997). Sample G, which was obtained from combustion of lignite, presented very high isotropic carbon content (99.80%).…”

Section: Petrographic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Activated Carbons From Coal Combustion by-Products

Schobert¹,

Maroto‐Valer²,

Lü³

2003

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The increasing role of coal as a source of energy in the 21st century will demand environmental and cost-effective strategies for the use of coal combustion by-products (CCBPs), mainly unburned carbon in fly ash. Unburned carbon is nowadays regarded as a waste product and its fate is mainly disposal, due to the present lack of efficient routes for its utilization. However, unburned carbon is a potential precursor for the production of adsorbent carbons, since it has gone through a devolatilization process while in the combustor, and therefore, only requires to be activated. Accordingly, the principal objective of this work was to characterize and utilize the unburned carbon in fly ash for the production of activated carbons.The unburned carbon samples were collected from different combustion systems, including pulverized utility boilers, a utility cyclone, a stoker, and a fluidized bed combustor.LOI (loss-on-ignition), proximate, ultimate, and petrographic analyses were conducted, and the surface areas of the samples were characterized by N 2 adsorption isotherms at 77K. The LOIs of the unburned carbon samples varied between 21.79-84.52%. The proximate analyses showed that all the samples had very low moisture contents (0.17 to 3.39 wt %), while the volatile matter contents varied between 0.45 to 24.82 wt%. The elemental analyses show that all the unburned carbon samples consist mainly of carbon with very little hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygenIn addition, the potential use of unburned carbon as precursor for activated carbon (AC) was investigated. Activated carbons with specific surface area up to 1075m 2 /g were produced from the unburned carbon. The porosity of the resultant activated carbons was related to the properties of the unburned carbon feedstock and the activation conditions used. It was found that not all the unburned carbon samples are equally suited for activation, and furthermore, their potential as activated carbons precursors could be inferred from their physical and chemical properties. The developed porosity of the activated carbon was a function of the oxygen content, porosity and H/C ratio of the parent unburned carbon feedstock. It was observed that extended activation times and high activation temperatures increased the porosity of the produced activated carbon at the expense of the solid yield.

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Section: 27supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Activation Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: (A) (B) (D) and (E)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Coal Devolatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Petrographic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Activated Carbons From Coal Combustion by-Products

Schobert¹,

Maroto‐Valer²,

Lü³

2003

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Preparation and characterization of formed activated carbon from fine blue-coke

Tian

Lan

Song

et al. 2015

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary Formed activated carbon was prepared by extruding of a mixture of fine blue‐coke and organic additives and subsequent carbonization and steam activation. The conditions for preparation of activated carbon were optimized with orthogonal experiments taking carbonization temperature, activation temperature, activation time and water vapor flow as influential factors, and iodine number, compressive strength and yield as indexes. The results show that the iodine number is 1157.4 mg/g, the compressive strength is 9.9 MPa and yield is 34.15%, when the activated carbon produced at the optimum conditions of 450 °C carbonization temperature, 900 °C activation temperature, 90 min activation time and water vapor flow of 50 mL/h. Meanwhile, the nitrogen adsorption isotherm and morphology are analyzed, finding the activated carbon with developed mesopores. The function groups, mainly hydroxyl and carbonyl group on activated carbon, are found by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The microcrystalline structure and the degree of graphitization of the formed activated carbon are smaller than fine blue‐coke by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Carbon‐based adsorbents for post‐combustion capture: a review

et al. 2018

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Carbon dioxide capture is regarded as an effective method of greenhouse gas reduction. Post‐combustion capture from power plants will play a key role in CO2 abatement due to their important contribution to total CO2 emissions. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art amine scrubbing technology, adsorption‐based post‐combustion capture (PCC) possesses excellent potential for lowering energy demand, and thus the total cost. Due to their relatively weak interaction with CO2, carbons showed lower adsorption capacity during PCC as compared with some benchmark materials (e.g. amine‐based adsorbents); however, their high cyclic stability and fast adsorption/desorption kinetics suggest that carbons have the important potential to achieve an optimized or balanced performance, and thus provide a low‐cost PCC process. In this review, we present preparation options and consider the structure‐performance relationship in CO2 capture with carbons, and summarize recent progress on using carbons for CO2 capture with special focus on PCC. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Activated carbon produced from an Illinois Basin coal

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Development of Activated Carbons From Coal Combustion by-Products

Development of Activated Carbons From Coal Combustion by-Products

Preparation and characterization of formed activated carbon from fine blue-coke

Carbon‐based adsorbents for post‐combustion capture: a review

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